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What is the difference between “hamstring tendon” and “common hamstring tendon”?



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowWhat is the functional difference between hemoglobin and ferritin?Difference between Appendix and the Cecum?The difference between “Hunger” and “Appetite”Difference between flexion and contraction?Difference between intervertebral and vertebral foraminaWhat is the difference between chloride shift and Bohr shift?Difference between the spinal cord and vertebrae columnWhat is the correlation between hand and neck flexibility?Difference between water and teaWhat is the difference between ferritin and hemoglobin?










1












$begingroup$


What is the difference between "hamstring tendon" and "common hamstring tendon"? I have seen both terms being used but I don't know whether they referred to the same tendon.



For example,
Johnson, Anthony E., Robert R. Granville, and Thomas M. DeBerardino. "Avulsion of the common hamstring tendon origin in an active duty airman." Military medicine 168, no. 1 (2003): 40-42. (https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.1.40) uses the term "common hamstring tendon" but I don't see any difference with the "hamstring tendon" when reading the article.



Since there are more than one hamstring tendons, I would have guessed that "common hamstring tendon" specifies which hamstring tendon is being referred to, but I haven't seen the term of any anatomy diagram yet.




The hamstring tendons that I am aware of are:



  • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (long head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

  • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (short head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

  • Medial hamstring tendon of the semitendinosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

  • Medial hamstring tendon of the semimembranosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

enter image description here



(image source)



enter image description here



(image source)










share|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    1












    $begingroup$


    What is the difference between "hamstring tendon" and "common hamstring tendon"? I have seen both terms being used but I don't know whether they referred to the same tendon.



    For example,
    Johnson, Anthony E., Robert R. Granville, and Thomas M. DeBerardino. "Avulsion of the common hamstring tendon origin in an active duty airman." Military medicine 168, no. 1 (2003): 40-42. (https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.1.40) uses the term "common hamstring tendon" but I don't see any difference with the "hamstring tendon" when reading the article.



    Since there are more than one hamstring tendons, I would have guessed that "common hamstring tendon" specifies which hamstring tendon is being referred to, but I haven't seen the term of any anatomy diagram yet.




    The hamstring tendons that I am aware of are:



    • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (long head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

    • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (short head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

    • Medial hamstring tendon of the semitendinosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

    • Medial hamstring tendon of the semimembranosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

    enter image description here



    (image source)



    enter image description here



    (image source)










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      1












      1








      1


      1



      $begingroup$


      What is the difference between "hamstring tendon" and "common hamstring tendon"? I have seen both terms being used but I don't know whether they referred to the same tendon.



      For example,
      Johnson, Anthony E., Robert R. Granville, and Thomas M. DeBerardino. "Avulsion of the common hamstring tendon origin in an active duty airman." Military medicine 168, no. 1 (2003): 40-42. (https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.1.40) uses the term "common hamstring tendon" but I don't see any difference with the "hamstring tendon" when reading the article.



      Since there are more than one hamstring tendons, I would have guessed that "common hamstring tendon" specifies which hamstring tendon is being referred to, but I haven't seen the term of any anatomy diagram yet.




      The hamstring tendons that I am aware of are:



      • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (long head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (short head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Medial hamstring tendon of the semitendinosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Medial hamstring tendon of the semimembranosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      enter image description here



      (image source)



      enter image description here



      (image source)










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      What is the difference between "hamstring tendon" and "common hamstring tendon"? I have seen both terms being used but I don't know whether they referred to the same tendon.



      For example,
      Johnson, Anthony E., Robert R. Granville, and Thomas M. DeBerardino. "Avulsion of the common hamstring tendon origin in an active duty airman." Military medicine 168, no. 1 (2003): 40-42. (https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.1.40) uses the term "common hamstring tendon" but I don't see any difference with the "hamstring tendon" when reading the article.



      Since there are more than one hamstring tendons, I would have guessed that "common hamstring tendon" specifies which hamstring tendon is being referred to, but I haven't seen the term of any anatomy diagram yet.




      The hamstring tendons that I am aware of are:



      • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (long head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Lateral hamstring tendon of the biceps femoris (short head) (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Medial hamstring tendon of the semitendinosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      • Medial hamstring tendon of the semimembranosus (2 tendons: distal+proximal)

      enter image description here



      (image source)



      enter image description here



      (image source)







      human-biology human-anatomy






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 3 hours ago







      Franck Dernoncourt

















      asked 3 hours ago









      Franck DernoncourtFranck Dernoncourt

      2601519




      2601519




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2












          $begingroup$

          In the paper you cite, they are talking about the tendon on the other side from the ones you've listed, at the "origin from the ischial tuberosity" (quoted from the abstract).



          In this case, the word "common" is used in the dictionary sense of "same" rather than "ordinary": it's "common" because it's the same origin for the different muscles that make up the hamstrings. This terminology is used elsewhere in anatomy, too, for example the common carotid artery splits into the internal carotid and external carotid; the "common" portion is the larger proximal vessel.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
            $endgroup$
            – Franck Dernoncourt
            3 hours ago



















          0












          $begingroup$

          Expanding on Bryan Krause's answer:



          From 1:




          The semitendinosus (ST), long head of the biceps femoris (long head, lhBF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles
          originate from the ischial tuberosity (Fig. 1a, b). The ST and
          lhBF have a common origin on the posteromedial aspect of
          the ischial tuberosity, over its top. Tendons of the ST and
          lhBF are conjoined
          at a distance of 9.1–10 cm [35, 37, 58,
          81]. The SM origin is separate from the previous one and
          it is located anterolaterally from the ST/lhBF attachment.
          Fibres of the proximal SM attachment are twisted before
          forming a proper tendon (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b, 4).



          A majority of authors agree with the presence of a conjoined tendon of the ST/lhBF, but the precise description of
          its attachment area varies amongst authors. Most of authors
          observed the attachment on the posteromedial aspect of the
          ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68, 82], whereas
          others indicated it to be directly medial [10, 58] or lateral on
          the ischial tuberosity [35, 60]. Consequently, the SM attachment is also described in different ways: on the anterolateral
          aspect of the ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68,
          82, 84], but also anteriorly [35] or purely lateral [58]




          Subsequently I am guessing that the "common hamstring tendon" = the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, but doesn't include the semimembranosus tendon as its attachment is distinct from the attachment of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon.




          To visualize the attachments of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, and the semimembranosus tendon to the ischial tuberosity:



          enter image description here




          Fig. 2 a, b Posterolateral view of the area of the proximal attachment
          of the hamstring muscles (right lower extremity). (1) Area of
          the attachment of the conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and the
          long head of the biceps femoris; (2) the proximal attachment area of
          the conjoined tendon; (3) conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and
          the long head of the biceps femoris—cut and rotated 180°; (4) proximal
          tendon of the semimembranosus muscle; (5) area of the attachment
          of the semimembranosus muscle; arrowheads—shape of the
          semimembranosus attachment




          (image source: 1)




          References:



          • 1 Stępień, Karolina, Robert Śmigielski, Caroline Mouton, Bogdan Ciszek, Martin Engelhardt, and Romain Seil. "Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2018): 1-12. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z)





          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













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            2 Answers
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            2 Answers
            2






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            2












            $begingroup$

            In the paper you cite, they are talking about the tendon on the other side from the ones you've listed, at the "origin from the ischial tuberosity" (quoted from the abstract).



            In this case, the word "common" is used in the dictionary sense of "same" rather than "ordinary": it's "common" because it's the same origin for the different muscles that make up the hamstrings. This terminology is used elsewhere in anatomy, too, for example the common carotid artery splits into the internal carotid and external carotid; the "common" portion is the larger proximal vessel.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
              $endgroup$
              – Franck Dernoncourt
              3 hours ago
















            2












            $begingroup$

            In the paper you cite, they are talking about the tendon on the other side from the ones you've listed, at the "origin from the ischial tuberosity" (quoted from the abstract).



            In this case, the word "common" is used in the dictionary sense of "same" rather than "ordinary": it's "common" because it's the same origin for the different muscles that make up the hamstrings. This terminology is used elsewhere in anatomy, too, for example the common carotid artery splits into the internal carotid and external carotid; the "common" portion is the larger proximal vessel.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
              $endgroup$
              – Franck Dernoncourt
              3 hours ago














            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$

            In the paper you cite, they are talking about the tendon on the other side from the ones you've listed, at the "origin from the ischial tuberosity" (quoted from the abstract).



            In this case, the word "common" is used in the dictionary sense of "same" rather than "ordinary": it's "common" because it's the same origin for the different muscles that make up the hamstrings. This terminology is used elsewhere in anatomy, too, for example the common carotid artery splits into the internal carotid and external carotid; the "common" portion is the larger proximal vessel.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            In the paper you cite, they are talking about the tendon on the other side from the ones you've listed, at the "origin from the ischial tuberosity" (quoted from the abstract).



            In this case, the word "common" is used in the dictionary sense of "same" rather than "ordinary": it's "common" because it's the same origin for the different muscles that make up the hamstrings. This terminology is used elsewhere in anatomy, too, for example the common carotid artery splits into the internal carotid and external carotid; the "common" portion is the larger proximal vessel.







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 3 hours ago









            Bryan KrauseBryan Krause

            19.6k23257




            19.6k23257











            • $begingroup$
              Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
              $endgroup$
              – Franck Dernoncourt
              3 hours ago

















            • $begingroup$
              Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
              $endgroup$
              – Franck Dernoncourt
              3 hours ago
















            $begingroup$
            Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
            $endgroup$
            – Franck Dernoncourt
            3 hours ago





            $begingroup$
            Thanks very much for the information, makes sense! It seems that the semimembranosus tendon has its own attachment though, separate from the conjoined [semitendinosus tendon + long head of the biceps femoris tendon]. I've posted some details as another answer as I didn't have enough space in the comment. If you look at my answer, please let me know if it is incorrect, I'd appreciate any feedback.
            $endgroup$
            – Franck Dernoncourt
            3 hours ago












            0












            $begingroup$

            Expanding on Bryan Krause's answer:



            From 1:




            The semitendinosus (ST), long head of the biceps femoris (long head, lhBF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles
            originate from the ischial tuberosity (Fig. 1a, b). The ST and
            lhBF have a common origin on the posteromedial aspect of
            the ischial tuberosity, over its top. Tendons of the ST and
            lhBF are conjoined
            at a distance of 9.1–10 cm [35, 37, 58,
            81]. The SM origin is separate from the previous one and
            it is located anterolaterally from the ST/lhBF attachment.
            Fibres of the proximal SM attachment are twisted before
            forming a proper tendon (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b, 4).



            A majority of authors agree with the presence of a conjoined tendon of the ST/lhBF, but the precise description of
            its attachment area varies amongst authors. Most of authors
            observed the attachment on the posteromedial aspect of the
            ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68, 82], whereas
            others indicated it to be directly medial [10, 58] or lateral on
            the ischial tuberosity [35, 60]. Consequently, the SM attachment is also described in different ways: on the anterolateral
            aspect of the ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68,
            82, 84], but also anteriorly [35] or purely lateral [58]




            Subsequently I am guessing that the "common hamstring tendon" = the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, but doesn't include the semimembranosus tendon as its attachment is distinct from the attachment of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon.




            To visualize the attachments of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, and the semimembranosus tendon to the ischial tuberosity:



            enter image description here




            Fig. 2 a, b Posterolateral view of the area of the proximal attachment
            of the hamstring muscles (right lower extremity). (1) Area of
            the attachment of the conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and the
            long head of the biceps femoris; (2) the proximal attachment area of
            the conjoined tendon; (3) conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and
            the long head of the biceps femoris—cut and rotated 180°; (4) proximal
            tendon of the semimembranosus muscle; (5) area of the attachment
            of the semimembranosus muscle; arrowheads—shape of the
            semimembranosus attachment




            (image source: 1)




            References:



            • 1 Stępień, Karolina, Robert Śmigielski, Caroline Mouton, Bogdan Ciszek, Martin Engelhardt, and Romain Seil. "Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2018): 1-12. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z)





            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$

















              0












              $begingroup$

              Expanding on Bryan Krause's answer:



              From 1:




              The semitendinosus (ST), long head of the biceps femoris (long head, lhBF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles
              originate from the ischial tuberosity (Fig. 1a, b). The ST and
              lhBF have a common origin on the posteromedial aspect of
              the ischial tuberosity, over its top. Tendons of the ST and
              lhBF are conjoined
              at a distance of 9.1–10 cm [35, 37, 58,
              81]. The SM origin is separate from the previous one and
              it is located anterolaterally from the ST/lhBF attachment.
              Fibres of the proximal SM attachment are twisted before
              forming a proper tendon (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b, 4).



              A majority of authors agree with the presence of a conjoined tendon of the ST/lhBF, but the precise description of
              its attachment area varies amongst authors. Most of authors
              observed the attachment on the posteromedial aspect of the
              ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68, 82], whereas
              others indicated it to be directly medial [10, 58] or lateral on
              the ischial tuberosity [35, 60]. Consequently, the SM attachment is also described in different ways: on the anterolateral
              aspect of the ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68,
              82, 84], but also anteriorly [35] or purely lateral [58]




              Subsequently I am guessing that the "common hamstring tendon" = the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, but doesn't include the semimembranosus tendon as its attachment is distinct from the attachment of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon.




              To visualize the attachments of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, and the semimembranosus tendon to the ischial tuberosity:



              enter image description here




              Fig. 2 a, b Posterolateral view of the area of the proximal attachment
              of the hamstring muscles (right lower extremity). (1) Area of
              the attachment of the conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and the
              long head of the biceps femoris; (2) the proximal attachment area of
              the conjoined tendon; (3) conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and
              the long head of the biceps femoris—cut and rotated 180°; (4) proximal
              tendon of the semimembranosus muscle; (5) area of the attachment
              of the semimembranosus muscle; arrowheads—shape of the
              semimembranosus attachment




              (image source: 1)




              References:



              • 1 Stępień, Karolina, Robert Śmigielski, Caroline Mouton, Bogdan Ciszek, Martin Engelhardt, and Romain Seil. "Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2018): 1-12. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z)





              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$















                0












                0








                0





                $begingroup$

                Expanding on Bryan Krause's answer:



                From 1:




                The semitendinosus (ST), long head of the biceps femoris (long head, lhBF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles
                originate from the ischial tuberosity (Fig. 1a, b). The ST and
                lhBF have a common origin on the posteromedial aspect of
                the ischial tuberosity, over its top. Tendons of the ST and
                lhBF are conjoined
                at a distance of 9.1–10 cm [35, 37, 58,
                81]. The SM origin is separate from the previous one and
                it is located anterolaterally from the ST/lhBF attachment.
                Fibres of the proximal SM attachment are twisted before
                forming a proper tendon (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b, 4).



                A majority of authors agree with the presence of a conjoined tendon of the ST/lhBF, but the precise description of
                its attachment area varies amongst authors. Most of authors
                observed the attachment on the posteromedial aspect of the
                ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68, 82], whereas
                others indicated it to be directly medial [10, 58] or lateral on
                the ischial tuberosity [35, 60]. Consequently, the SM attachment is also described in different ways: on the anterolateral
                aspect of the ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68,
                82, 84], but also anteriorly [35] or purely lateral [58]




                Subsequently I am guessing that the "common hamstring tendon" = the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, but doesn't include the semimembranosus tendon as its attachment is distinct from the attachment of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon.




                To visualize the attachments of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, and the semimembranosus tendon to the ischial tuberosity:



                enter image description here




                Fig. 2 a, b Posterolateral view of the area of the proximal attachment
                of the hamstring muscles (right lower extremity). (1) Area of
                the attachment of the conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and the
                long head of the biceps femoris; (2) the proximal attachment area of
                the conjoined tendon; (3) conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and
                the long head of the biceps femoris—cut and rotated 180°; (4) proximal
                tendon of the semimembranosus muscle; (5) area of the attachment
                of the semimembranosus muscle; arrowheads—shape of the
                semimembranosus attachment




                (image source: 1)




                References:



                • 1 Stępień, Karolina, Robert Śmigielski, Caroline Mouton, Bogdan Ciszek, Martin Engelhardt, and Romain Seil. "Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2018): 1-12. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z)





                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$



                Expanding on Bryan Krause's answer:



                From 1:




                The semitendinosus (ST), long head of the biceps femoris (long head, lhBF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles
                originate from the ischial tuberosity (Fig. 1a, b). The ST and
                lhBF have a common origin on the posteromedial aspect of
                the ischial tuberosity, over its top. Tendons of the ST and
                lhBF are conjoined
                at a distance of 9.1–10 cm [35, 37, 58,
                81]. The SM origin is separate from the previous one and
                it is located anterolaterally from the ST/lhBF attachment.
                Fibres of the proximal SM attachment are twisted before
                forming a proper tendon (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b, 4).



                A majority of authors agree with the presence of a conjoined tendon of the ST/lhBF, but the precise description of
                its attachment area varies amongst authors. Most of authors
                observed the attachment on the posteromedial aspect of the
                ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68, 82], whereas
                others indicated it to be directly medial [10, 58] or lateral on
                the ischial tuberosity [35, 60]. Consequently, the SM attachment is also described in different ways: on the anterolateral
                aspect of the ischial tuberosity as in our dissection [61, 68,
                82, 84], but also anteriorly [35] or purely lateral [58]




                Subsequently I am guessing that the "common hamstring tendon" = the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, but doesn't include the semimembranosus tendon as its attachment is distinct from the attachment of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon.




                To visualize the attachments of the conjoined ST tendon + lhBF tendon, and the semimembranosus tendon to the ischial tuberosity:



                enter image description here




                Fig. 2 a, b Posterolateral view of the area of the proximal attachment
                of the hamstring muscles (right lower extremity). (1) Area of
                the attachment of the conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and the
                long head of the biceps femoris; (2) the proximal attachment area of
                the conjoined tendon; (3) conjoined tendon of the semitendinosus and
                the long head of the biceps femoris—cut and rotated 180°; (4) proximal
                tendon of the semimembranosus muscle; (5) area of the attachment
                of the semimembranosus muscle; arrowheads—shape of the
                semimembranosus attachment




                (image source: 1)




                References:



                • 1 Stępień, Karolina, Robert Śmigielski, Caroline Mouton, Bogdan Ciszek, Martin Engelhardt, and Romain Seil. "Anatomy of proximal attachment, course, and innervation of hamstring muscles: a pictorial essay." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2018): 1-12. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5265-z)






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                answered 3 hours ago









                Franck DernoncourtFranck Dernoncourt

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