What's the output of a record needle playing an out-of-speed recordCannibalizing a printer, how to figure out what some of the parts are/doWhat determines the speed of a brushless DC motorDoes the peak torque decrease at rated speed for BLDC motor?What's the relationship between ESC pwm input and output?Controlling the speed of a brushless motor with the HA13535What is the effective speed-control range of a BLDC motor?What's the relationship between DC braking torque and AC turning torque for a given current on a BLDC motorSpeed and position controle of a BLDC motor at the same timeWhat's the best starting point for rotor angle estimation for FOC?How to find the optimal speed of a BLDC motor having hall sensors? Can we change the most efficient speed through the controller?

What does the "remote control" for a QF-4 look like?

What does it mean to describe someone as a butt steak?

Why are electrically insulating heatsinks so rare? Is it just cost?

Modeling an IP Address

Is it possible to do 50 km distance without any previous training?

Why can't we play rap on piano?

What typically incentivizes a professor to change jobs to a lower ranking university?

strTok function (thread safe, supports empty tokens, doesn't change string)

Why doesn't Newton's third law mean a person bounces back to where they started when they hit the ground?

Arrow those variables!

Cross compiling for RPi - error while loading shared libraries

How much RAM could one put in a typical 80386 setup?

What's the point of deactivating Num Lock on login screens?

Add text to same line using sed

What would happen to a modern skyscraper if it rains micro blackholes?

LWC SFDX source push error TypeError: LWC1009: decl.moveTo is not a function

Was any UN Security Council vote triple-vetoed?

Alternative to sending password over mail?

Why can't I see bouncing of a switch on an oscilloscope?

Is it tax fraud for an individual to declare non-taxable revenue as taxable income? (US tax laws)

A newer friend of my brother's gave him a load of baseball cards that are supposedly extremely valuable. Is this a scam?

How much of data wrangling is a data scientist's job?

What defenses are there against being summoned by the Gate spell?

When a company launches a new product do they "come out" with a new product or do they "come up" with a new product?



What's the output of a record needle playing an out-of-speed record


Cannibalizing a printer, how to figure out what some of the parts are/doWhat determines the speed of a brushless DC motorDoes the peak torque decrease at rated speed for BLDC motor?What's the relationship between ESC pwm input and output?Controlling the speed of a brushless motor with the HA13535What is the effective speed-control range of a BLDC motor?What's the relationship between DC braking torque and AC turning torque for a given current on a BLDC motorSpeed and position controle of a BLDC motor at the same timeWhat's the best starting point for rotor angle estimation for FOC?How to find the optimal speed of a BLDC motor having hall sensors? Can we change the most efficient speed through the controller?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








2












$begingroup$


I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









share











$endgroup$


















    2












    $begingroup$


    I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



    I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









    share











    $endgroup$














      2












      2








      2





      $begingroup$


      I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



      Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



      I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









      share











      $endgroup$




      I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



      Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



      I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.







      brushless-dc-motor





      share














      share












      share



      share








      edited 6 hours ago









      Dave Tweed

      123k9152266




      123k9152266










      asked 6 hours ago









      Gabriel SantosGabriel Santos

      213




      213




















          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          6












          $begingroup$


          Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




          The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



          The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$




















            3












            $begingroup$

            Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



            A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
              $endgroup$
              – Gabriel Santos
              6 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
              $endgroup$
              – Dave Tweed
              6 hours ago


















            3












            $begingroup$

            To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



            Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



            If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              6 hours ago


















            1












            $begingroup$

            Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



            In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$




















              0












              $begingroup$

              I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



              Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.





              share









              $endgroup$













                Your Answer





                StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
                return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
                StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
                StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["\$", "\$"]]);
                );
                );
                , "mathjax-editing");

                StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
                return StackExchange.using("schematics", function ()
                StackExchange.schematics.init();
                );
                , "cicuitlab");

                StackExchange.ready(function()
                var channelOptions =
                tags: "".split(" "),
                id: "135"
                ;
                initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

                StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
                // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
                if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
                StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
                createEditor();
                );

                else
                createEditor();

                );

                function createEditor()
                StackExchange.prepareEditor(
                heartbeatType: 'answer',
                autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
                convertImagesToLinks: false,
                noModals: true,
                showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
                reputationToPostImages: null,
                bindNavPrevention: true,
                postfix: "",
                imageUploader:
                brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
                contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
                allowUrls: true
                ,
                onDemand: true,
                discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
                ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
                );



                );













                draft saved

                draft discarded


















                StackExchange.ready(
                function ()
                StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f431010%2fwhats-the-output-of-a-record-needle-playing-an-out-of-speed-record%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                );

                Post as a guest















                Required, but never shown

























                5 Answers
                5






                active

                oldest

                votes








                5 Answers
                5






                active

                oldest

                votes









                active

                oldest

                votes






                active

                oldest

                votes









                6












                $begingroup$


                Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$

















                  6












                  $begingroup$


                  Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                  The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                  The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$















                    6












                    6








                    6





                    $begingroup$


                    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                    The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                    The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                    share|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$




                    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                    The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                    The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited 5 hours ago









                    K H

                    2,360215




                    2,360215










                    answered 6 hours ago









                    TransistorTransistor

                    88.2k785189




                    88.2k785189























                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago













                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$



                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.







                        share|improve this answer












                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer










                        answered 6 hours ago









                        Dave TweedDave Tweed

                        123k9152266




                        123k9152266











                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago
















                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago















                        $begingroup$
                        Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Gabriel Santos
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Gabriel Santos
                        6 hours ago




                        1




                        1




                        $begingroup$
                        It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Dave Tweed
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Dave Tweed
                        6 hours ago











                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$








                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$








                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago













                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$



                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.







                        share|improve this answer














                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer








                        edited 4 hours ago

























                        answered 6 hours ago









                        TimWescottTimWescott

                        6,6241416




                        6,6241416







                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago












                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago







                        1




                        1




                        $begingroup$
                        I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Toor
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Toor
                        6 hours ago











                        1












                        $begingroup$

                        Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                        In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$

















                          1












                          $begingroup$

                          Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                          In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                          share|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$















                            1












                            1








                            1





                            $begingroup$

                            Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                            In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$



                            Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                            In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.







                            share|improve this answer












                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer










                            answered 4 hours ago







                            user217611




























                                0












                                $begingroup$

                                I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                                Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.





                                share









                                $endgroup$

















                                  0












                                  $begingroup$

                                  I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                                  Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.





                                  share









                                  $endgroup$















                                    0












                                    0








                                    0





                                    $begingroup$

                                    I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                                    Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.





                                    share









                                    $endgroup$



                                    I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                                    Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.






                                    share











                                    share


                                    share










                                    answered 2 mins ago









                                    Loren PechtelLoren Pechtel

                                    22328




                                    22328



























                                        draft saved

                                        draft discarded
















































                                        Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange!


                                        • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                                        But avoid


                                        • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                                        • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

                                        Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


                                        To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                                        draft saved


                                        draft discarded














                                        StackExchange.ready(
                                        function ()
                                        StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f431010%2fwhats-the-output-of-a-record-needle-playing-an-out-of-speed-record%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                                        );

                                        Post as a guest















                                        Required, but never shown





















































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown

































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Popular posts from this blog

                                        How to create a command for the “strange m” symbol in latex? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)How do you make your own symbol when Detexify fails?Writing bold small caps with mathpazo packageplus-minus symbol with parenthesis around the minus signGreek character in Beamer document titleHow to create dashed right arrow over symbol?Currency symbol: Turkish LiraDouble prec as a single symbol?Plus Sign Too Big; How to Call adfbullet?Is there a TeX macro for three-legged pi?How do I get my integral-like symbol to align like the integral?How to selectively substitute a letter with another symbol representing the same letterHow do I generate a less than symbol and vertical bar that are the same height?

                                        Българска екзархия Съдържание История | Български екзарси | Вижте също | Външни препратки | Литература | Бележки | НавигацияУстав за управлението на българската екзархия. Цариград, 1870Слово на Ловешкия митрополит Иларион при откриването на Българския народен събор в Цариград на 23. II. 1870 г.Българската правда и гръцката кривда. От С. М. (= Софийски Мелетий). Цариград, 1872Предстоятели на Българската екзархияПодмененият ВеликденИнформационна агенция „Фокус“Димитър Ризов. Българите в техните исторически, етнографически и политически граници (Атлас съдържащ 40 карти). Berlin, Königliche Hoflithographie, Hof-Buch- und -Steindruckerei Wilhelm Greve, 1917Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars

                                        Category:Tremithousa Media in category "Tremithousa"Navigation menuUpload media34° 49′ 02.7″ N, 32° 26′ 37.32″ EOpenStreetMapGoogle EarthProximityramaReasonatorScholiaStatisticsWikiShootMe