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What does the “ep” capability mean?
Unable to set capability CAP_SETFCAP by userWhat does this iptable rule mean?Granting service specific capabilitiesWhat does :source % mean?Does every syscall require at most 1 capability on Linux?Better use ACL or Capability to let users start a service?Does a process that have the root user always have all of the capabilities available in Linux?Does macOS and Solaris have “capabilities”?Difference between file capability and process capabilityWhat does the '.' (dot) mean?
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
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James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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add a comment |
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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2
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago
add a comment |
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
linux capabilities
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
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James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
edited 1 hour ago
muru
38.1k590166
38.1k590166
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
asked 4 hours ago
JamesJames
213
213
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
James is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
2
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago
add a comment |
2
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago
2
2
capabilities(7) have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
3 hours ago
capabilities(7) have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That file has ALL the capabilites set in the effective(e) and permitted(p) set.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be returned instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2
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active
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votes
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That file has ALL the capabilites set in the effective(e) and permitted(p) set.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be returned instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
add a comment |
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That file has ALL the capabilites set in the effective(e) and permitted(p) set.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be returned instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
add a comment |
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That file has ALL the capabilites set in the effective(e) and permitted(p) set.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be returned instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That file has ALL the capabilites set in the effective(e) and permitted(p) set.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be returned instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
edited 1 hour ago
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
answered 3 hours ago
mosvymosvy
10.9k11340
10.9k11340
add a comment |
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
answered 3 hours ago
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.7k52663
12.7k52663
add a comment |
add a comment |
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James is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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2
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
3 hours ago
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
3 hours ago