Output the ŋarâþ crîþ alphabet song without using (m)any letters Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern) The PPCG Site design is on its way - help us make it awesome! Sandbox for Proposed ChallengesChallenge: take ciphered text and decipher, also print out if it was offset to the left or rightAlphanumeric balanceFinding prime numbers without using “prime characters”A Kingdom Hearts VGM challengeShoot the ASCII MoonCreate an Alphabet SongOutput a text that doesn't output any of the characters used in the instructions to output the textI'm thinking of a number (Cop's Thread)Compressing the Atomic Ionization EnergiesOutput your Score!

How does a Death Domain cleric's Touch of Death feature work with Touch-range spells delivered by familiars?

What does the "x" in "x86" represent?

Sorting numerically

Why aren't air breathing engines used as small first stages

Storing hydrofluoric acid before the invention of plastics

Why does Python start at index -1 when indexing a list from the end?

Single word antonym of "flightless"

What is the longest distance a 13th-level monk can jump while attacking on the same turn?

What is the musical term for a note that continously plays through a melody?

Is above average number of years spent on PhD considered a red flag in future academia or industry positions?

Why did the IBM 650 use bi-quinary?

Did Xerox really develop the first LAN?

do i need a schengen visa for a direct flight to amsterdam?

Is it ethical to give a final exam after the professor has quit before teaching the remaining chapters of the course?

Can inflation occur in a positive-sum game currency system such as the Stack Exchange reputation system?

Is it true that "carbohydrates are of no use for the basal metabolic need"?

Why is "Captain Marvel" translated as male in Portugal?

What would be the ideal power source for a cybernetic eye?

Diagram with tikz

Dating a Former Employee

Problem drawing boxes with arrows in tikZ

How widely used is the term Treppenwitz? Is it something that most Germans know?

Super Attribute Position on Product Page Magento 1

Determinant is linear as a function of each of the rows of the matrix.



Output the ŋarâþ crîþ alphabet song without using (m)any letters



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)
The PPCG Site design is on its way - help us make it awesome!
Sandbox for Proposed ChallengesChallenge: take ciphered text and decipher, also print out if it was offset to the left or rightAlphanumeric balanceFinding prime numbers without using “prime characters”A Kingdom Hearts VGM challengeShoot the ASCII MoonCreate an Alphabet SongOutput a text that doesn't output any of the characters used in the instructions to output the textI'm thinking of a number (Cop's Thread)Compressing the Atomic Ionization EnergiesOutput your Score!










4












$begingroup$


Your goal is to write a program that takes no input and outputs the following text:



ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.


But there's a catch: for each letter (any character whose general category in Unicode starts with L) in your source, you get a penalty of 20 characters! (For reference, the text to be printed has 81 letters.)



The Perl 6 code below has 145 bytes and 84 letters, so it gets a score of 1,845:



say "ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos."


The code below has 152 bytes and 70 letters, so it gets a score of 1,552:



$_="C e N ŋa V o S;
Þ Š R L Ł.
M a P F G T Č;
în J i D Ð.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
Crþ Tŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.";s:g/<:Lu>/$/.lc~'a'/;.say


Standard loopholes are forbidden.



Originally, I thought of forbidding letters altogether, but I don't think there are many languages that make this possible. You're more than welcome to try.



(ŋarâþ crîþ [ˈŋaɹa̰θ kɹḭθ] is one of my conlangs. I wanted to capitalise its name here, but I get the ugly big eng here. Oh well, the language doesn't use capital letters in its romanisation anyway.)










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    10 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    9 hours ago















4












$begingroup$


Your goal is to write a program that takes no input and outputs the following text:



ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.


But there's a catch: for each letter (any character whose general category in Unicode starts with L) in your source, you get a penalty of 20 characters! (For reference, the text to be printed has 81 letters.)



The Perl 6 code below has 145 bytes and 84 letters, so it gets a score of 1,845:



say "ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos."


The code below has 152 bytes and 70 letters, so it gets a score of 1,552:



$_="C e N ŋa V o S;
Þ Š R L Ł.
M a P F G T Č;
în J i D Ð.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
Crþ Tŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.";s:g/<:Lu>/$/.lc~'a'/;.say


Standard loopholes are forbidden.



Originally, I thought of forbidding letters altogether, but I don't think there are many languages that make this possible. You're more than welcome to try.



(ŋarâþ crîþ [ˈŋaɹa̰θ kɹḭθ] is one of my conlangs. I wanted to capitalise its name here, but I get the ugly big eng here. Oh well, the language doesn't use capital letters in its romanisation anyway.)










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    10 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    9 hours ago













4












4








4





$begingroup$


Your goal is to write a program that takes no input and outputs the following text:



ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.


But there's a catch: for each letter (any character whose general category in Unicode starts with L) in your source, you get a penalty of 20 characters! (For reference, the text to be printed has 81 letters.)



The Perl 6 code below has 145 bytes and 84 letters, so it gets a score of 1,845:



say "ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos."


The code below has 152 bytes and 70 letters, so it gets a score of 1,552:



$_="C e N ŋa V o S;
Þ Š R L Ł.
M a P F G T Č;
în J i D Ð.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
Crþ Tŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.";s:g/<:Lu>/$/.lc~'a'/;.say


Standard loopholes are forbidden.



Originally, I thought of forbidding letters altogether, but I don't think there are many languages that make this possible. You're more than welcome to try.



(ŋarâþ crîþ [ˈŋaɹa̰θ kɹḭθ] is one of my conlangs. I wanted to capitalise its name here, but I get the ugly big eng here. Oh well, the language doesn't use capital letters in its romanisation anyway.)










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Your goal is to write a program that takes no input and outputs the following text:



ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.


But there's a catch: for each letter (any character whose general category in Unicode starts with L) in your source, you get a penalty of 20 characters! (For reference, the text to be printed has 81 letters.)



The Perl 6 code below has 145 bytes and 84 letters, so it gets a score of 1,845:



say "ca e na ŋa va o sa;
þa ša ra la ła.
ma a pa fa ga ta ča;
în ja i da ða.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
carþ taŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos."


The code below has 152 bytes and 70 letters, so it gets a score of 1,552:



$_="C e N ŋa V o S;
Þ Š R L Ł.
M a P F G T Č;
în J i D Ð.
ar ħo ên ôn ân uħo;
Crþ Tŋ neŋ es nem.
elo cenvos.";s:g/<:Lu>/$/.lc~'a'/;.say


Standard loopholes are forbidden.



Originally, I thought of forbidding letters altogether, but I don't think there are many languages that make this possible. You're more than welcome to try.



(ŋarâþ crîþ [ˈŋaɹa̰θ kɹḭθ] is one of my conlangs. I wanted to capitalise its name here, but I get the ugly big eng here. Oh well, the language doesn't use capital letters in its romanisation anyway.)







code-challenge kolmogorov-complexity restricted-source






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 6 hours ago









Rɪᴋᴇʀ

6,12543069




6,12543069










asked 11 hours ago









bb94bb94

1,137711




1,137711







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    10 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    9 hours ago












  • 5




    $begingroup$
    kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    10 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
    $endgroup$
    – Unrelated String
    9 hours ago







5




5




$begingroup$
kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
$endgroup$
– Unrelated String
10 hours ago




$begingroup$
kolmogorov-complexity, restricted-source, and special scoring are all sorts of things that benefit greatly from careful consideration in the sandbox. Currently, it seems like the best approach to this challenge would be to just write out all of the codepoints in decimal then turn them into text with a builtin, with some shortcut to encode all of the as--or not, depending on how many letters it would take, because 20 characters is a really big penalty (although when everything else is scored by bytes, it's not quite well defined...)!
$endgroup$
– Unrelated String
10 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
$endgroup$
– Unrelated String
9 hours ago




$begingroup$
And considering the invocation of Unicode, some explicit rules governing special codepages as used by most golflangs are probably called for (alongside maybe a link to a script to validate scoring).
$endgroup$
– Unrelated String
9 hours ago










8 Answers
8






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

Haskell, 0 letters, 423 bytes = score 423



(['10'..]!!)<$>[89,87,22,91,22,100,87,22,321,87,22,108,87,22,101,22,105,87,49,0,244,87,22,343,87,22,104,87,22,98,87,22,312,87,36,0,99,87,22,87,22,102,87,22,92,87,22,93,87,22,106,87,22,259,87,49,0,228,100,22,96,87,22,95,22,90,87,22,230,87,36,0,87,104,22,285,101,22,224,100,22,234,100,22,216,100,22,107,285,101,49,0,89,87,104,244,22,106,87,321,22,100,91,321,22,91,105,22,100,91,99,36,0,91,98,101,22,89,91,100,108,101,105,36]


Try it online!






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    3












    $begingroup$


    PowerShell, scores 601 546





    -join(67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14|%[char]($_+32))


    Try it online!



    Naive approach; I just took the code points and converted them to decimal, subtracted 32, then this code treats them as a char before -joining it back together into a single string.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      901, ouch
      $endgroup$
      – ASCII-only
      6 hours ago










    • $begingroup$
      686 :/
      $endgroup$
      – ASCII-only
      6 hours ago


















    3












    $begingroup$


    Jelly,  274  260 bytes + 2 letters =  314  300



    “19ב+49;7747,7884Ọ“19937801,1169680277365253“38“68112“;107¤+1+“@36841915390646457101051137247389928597014417227222832154722739623607566349606250000571655631221597252888655305356086227145497408221809227156852666405895387397931203673256733239614440865652”;";/V


    (Uses "+,/0123456789;@V¤×Ọ‘“” of which V and are Unicode letters and are used once each)



    Try it online!






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$




















      2












      $begingroup$


      Jelly, 321 bytes + 2 letters = score 361



      3343781777797791350694255572961968519437585132057650209974147122192542459108221624793330048943528237823681411832154316740173721249435700067706302064570847610741421342406380917446310820012503592770000532190167243585300911078873144513786923305473352724133578818457026824110152529235136461572588027747840738399150398304b354Ọ


      Try it online!



      This is hideous and someone can definitely do better.



      Verify score.






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$








      • 1




        $begingroup$
        actually less bad than it seems
        $endgroup$
        – ASCII-only
        6 hours ago


















      2












      $begingroup$


      Jelly, 249 bytes (UTF-8) plus 2 letters; score = 289





       “@@@ࣙ@@@[*ࢌ@࣯@@@࣐޼*@@@@@@࢛[*ࡼ@@@@ࡾ޼*@ࢵ@ࡸ@ࢂ@ࡰ@ࢵ[*ࢌ@ࣙ@ࣙ@@޼*@”O_>999×1902$$$_32Ọ


      Try it online!



      I couldn’t get this to work with TIO’s Jelly option, so the TIO link uses Python 3 to call Jelly. I think this is because of all the UTF-8 characters not in Jelly’s codepage.



      Verify score!






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$












      • $begingroup$
        So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
        $endgroup$
        – Jonathan Allan
        7 hours ago











      • $begingroup$
        ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
        $endgroup$
        – Jonathan Allan
        7 hours ago



















      2












      $begingroup$


      7, 410 characters, 154 bytes in 7's encoding, 0 letters = score 154



      55104010504200144434451510201304004220120504005434473340353241135014335450302052254241052253052244241052335452241114014241310052340435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335514052312241341351052302245341351525755102440304030434030421030442030424030455733413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002410523413342411145257551220304010420030455741403


      Try it online!



      In a challenge that dislikes using letters, what better language to use than one consisting only of digits?



      This is a full program that exits via crashing, so there's extraneous output to stderr, but stdout is correct.



      Explanation



      A 7 program, on its first iteration, simply pushes a number of elements to the stack (because out of the 12 commands that exist in 7, only 8 of them can be represented in a source program, and those 8 are specialised for writing code to push particular data structures to the stack). This program does not use the 6 command (which is the simplest way to create nested structures, but otherwise tends not to appear literally in a source program), so it's only the 7 commands that determine the structure; 7 pushes a new empty element to the top of stack (whereas the 05 commands just append to the top of stack). We can thus add whitespace to the program to show its structure:



      551040105042001444344515102013040042201205040054344 7

      33403532411350143354503020522542410522530522442410523354522411140142413100523
      40435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335
      514052312241341351052302245341351525 7

      55102440304030434030421030442030424030455 7

      33413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002
      41052341334241114525 7

      551220304010420030455 7

      41403


      The elements near the end of the program are pushed last, so are on top of the stack at the start of the second iteration. On this iteration, and all future iterations, the 7 interpreter automatically makes a copy of the top of the stack and interprets it as a program. The literal 41403 pushes the (non-literal, live code) 47463 (7 has 12 commands but only 8 of them have names; as such, I use bold to show the code, and non-bold to show the literal that generates that code, meaning that, e.g. 4 is the command that appends 4 to the top stack element). So the program that runs on the second iteration is 47463. Here's what that does:



      47463
      4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
      7 Add an empty stack element to the top of stack
      4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
      6 Work out which commands would generate the top stack element;
      append that to the element below (and pop the old top of stack)
      3 Output the top stack element, pop the element below


      This is easier to understand if we look at what happens to the stack:



      • d c b a 47463 (code to run: 47463)

      • d c b 47463 empty a (code to run: 7463)

      • d c b 47463 empty a empty (code to run: 463)

      • d c b 47463 empty empty empty a (code to run: 63)

      • d c b 47463 empty empty "a" (code to run: 3)

      • d c b 47463 empty (code to run: empty)

      In other words, we take the top of stack a, work out what code is most likely to have produced it, and output that code. The 7 interpreter automatically pops empty elements from the top of stack at the end of an iteration, so we end up with the 47463 back on top of the stack, just as in the original program. It should be easy to see what happens next: we end up churning through every stack element one after another, outputting them all, until the stack underflows and the program crashes. So we've basically created a simple output loop that looks at the program's source code to determine what to output (we're not outputting the data structures that were pushes to the stack by our 05 commands, we're instead recreating what commands were used by looking at what structures were created, and outputting those). Thus, the first piece of data output is 551220304010420030455 (the source code that generates the second-from-top stack element), the second is 3341351…114525 (the source code that generates the third-from-top stack element), and so on.



      Obviously, though, these pieces of source code aren't being output unencoded. 7 contains several different domain-specific languages for encoding output; once a domain-specific language is chosen, it remains in use until explicitly cleared, but if none of the languages have been chosen yet, the first digit of the code being output determines which of the languages to use. In this program, only two languages are used: 551 and 3.



      551 is pretty simple: it's basically the old Baudot/teletype code used to transmit letters over teletypes, as a 5-bit character set, but modified to make all the letters lowercase. So the first chunk of code to be output decodes like this:



      551 22 03 04 01 04 20 03 04 55
      c a SP e SP n a SP reset output format


      As can be seen, we're fitting each character into two octal digits, which is a pretty decent compression ratio. Pairs of digits in the 0-5 range give us 36 possibilities, as opposed to the 32 possibilities that Baudot needs, so the remaining four are used for special commands; in this case, the 55 at the end clears the remembered output format, letting us use a different format for the next piece of output we produce.



      3 is conceptually even simpler, but with a twist. The basic idea is to take groups of three digits (again, in the 0-5 range, as those are the digits for which we can guarantee that we can recreate the original source code from its output), interpret them as a three-digit number in base 6, and just output it as a byte in binary (thus letting us output the multibyte characters in the desired output simply by outputting multiple bytes). The twist, though, comes from the fact that there are only 216 three-digit numbers (with possible leading zeroes) in base 6, but 256 possible bytes. 7 gets round this by linking numbers from 332₆ = 128₁₀ upwards to two different bytes; 332 can output either byte 128 or 192, 333 either byte 129 or 193, and so on, up to 515 which outputs either byte 191 or 255.



      How does the program know which of the two possibilities to output? It's possible to use triplets of digits from 520 upwards to control this explicitly, but in this program we don't have to: 7's default is to pick all the ambiguous bytes in such a way that the output is valid UTF-8! It turns out that there's always at most one way to do this, so as long as it's UTF-8 we want (and we do in this case), we can just leave it ambiguous and the program works anyway.



      The end of each of the 3… sections is 525, which resets the output format, letting us go back to 551 for the next section.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$




















        0












        $begingroup$


        Python 3, 397 bytes + 19 letters = 777 score





        print(''.join(chr(i+32)for i in[67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14]))


        Try it online!



        Port of AdmBorkBork's answer.






        share|improve this answer











        $endgroup$




















          0












          $begingroup$


          Retina, 141 characters, 160 bytes, 15 letters = score 460



          K`%# ' 1# !# 9# 2 6#;¶þ# š# 5# /# ł#.¶0# # 3# (# )# 7# č#;¶î1 ,# + &# ð#.¶#5 ħ2 ê1 ô1 â1 8ħ2;¶%#5þ 7#! 1'! '6 1'0.¶'/2 %'1926.
          T`!--/-9`ŋ`-{


          Try it online!






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













            Your Answer






            StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
            StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function ()
            StackExchange.using("snippets", function ()
            StackExchange.snippets.init();
            );
            );
            , "code-snippets");

            StackExchange.ready(function()
            var channelOptions =
            tags: "".split(" "),
            id: "200"
            ;
            initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

            StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
            // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
            if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
            StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
            createEditor();
            );

            else
            createEditor();

            );

            function createEditor()
            StackExchange.prepareEditor(
            heartbeatType: 'answer',
            autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
            convertImagesToLinks: false,
            noModals: true,
            showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
            reputationToPostImages: null,
            bindNavPrevention: true,
            postfix: "",
            imageUploader:
            brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
            contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
            allowUrls: true
            ,
            onDemand: true,
            discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
            ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
            );



            );













            draft saved

            draft discarded


















            StackExchange.ready(
            function ()
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fcodegolf.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f183248%2foutput-the-%25c5%258bar%25c3%25a2%25c3%25be-cr%25c3%25ae%25c3%25be-alphabet-song-without-using-many-letters%23new-answer', 'question_page');

            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown

























            8 Answers
            8






            active

            oldest

            votes








            8 Answers
            8






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            4












            $begingroup$

            Haskell, 0 letters, 423 bytes = score 423



            (['10'..]!!)<$>[89,87,22,91,22,100,87,22,321,87,22,108,87,22,101,22,105,87,49,0,244,87,22,343,87,22,104,87,22,98,87,22,312,87,36,0,99,87,22,87,22,102,87,22,92,87,22,93,87,22,106,87,22,259,87,49,0,228,100,22,96,87,22,95,22,90,87,22,230,87,36,0,87,104,22,285,101,22,224,100,22,234,100,22,216,100,22,107,285,101,49,0,89,87,104,244,22,106,87,321,22,100,91,321,22,91,105,22,100,91,99,36,0,91,98,101,22,89,91,100,108,101,105,36]


            Try it online!






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$

















              4












              $begingroup$

              Haskell, 0 letters, 423 bytes = score 423



              (['10'..]!!)<$>[89,87,22,91,22,100,87,22,321,87,22,108,87,22,101,22,105,87,49,0,244,87,22,343,87,22,104,87,22,98,87,22,312,87,36,0,99,87,22,87,22,102,87,22,92,87,22,93,87,22,106,87,22,259,87,49,0,228,100,22,96,87,22,95,22,90,87,22,230,87,36,0,87,104,22,285,101,22,224,100,22,234,100,22,216,100,22,107,285,101,49,0,89,87,104,244,22,106,87,321,22,100,91,321,22,91,105,22,100,91,99,36,0,91,98,101,22,89,91,100,108,101,105,36]


              Try it online!






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$















                4












                4








                4





                $begingroup$

                Haskell, 0 letters, 423 bytes = score 423



                (['10'..]!!)<$>[89,87,22,91,22,100,87,22,321,87,22,108,87,22,101,22,105,87,49,0,244,87,22,343,87,22,104,87,22,98,87,22,312,87,36,0,99,87,22,87,22,102,87,22,92,87,22,93,87,22,106,87,22,259,87,49,0,228,100,22,96,87,22,95,22,90,87,22,230,87,36,0,87,104,22,285,101,22,224,100,22,234,100,22,216,100,22,107,285,101,49,0,89,87,104,244,22,106,87,321,22,100,91,321,22,91,105,22,100,91,99,36,0,91,98,101,22,89,91,100,108,101,105,36]


                Try it online!






                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$



                Haskell, 0 letters, 423 bytes = score 423



                (['10'..]!!)<$>[89,87,22,91,22,100,87,22,321,87,22,108,87,22,101,22,105,87,49,0,244,87,22,343,87,22,104,87,22,98,87,22,312,87,36,0,99,87,22,87,22,102,87,22,92,87,22,93,87,22,106,87,22,259,87,49,0,228,100,22,96,87,22,95,22,90,87,22,230,87,36,0,87,104,22,285,101,22,224,100,22,234,100,22,216,100,22,107,285,101,49,0,89,87,104,244,22,106,87,321,22,100,91,321,22,91,105,22,100,91,99,36,0,91,98,101,22,89,91,100,108,101,105,36]


                Try it online!







                share|improve this answer












                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer










                answered 9 hours ago









                niminimi

                32.7k32489




                32.7k32489





















                    3












                    $begingroup$


                    PowerShell, scores 601 546





                    -join(67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14|%[char]($_+32))


                    Try it online!



                    Naive approach; I just took the code points and converted them to decimal, subtracted 32, then this code treats them as a char before -joining it back together into a single string.






                    share|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$












                    • $begingroup$
                      901, ouch
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago










                    • $begingroup$
                      686 :/
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago















                    3












                    $begingroup$


                    PowerShell, scores 601 546





                    -join(67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14|%[char]($_+32))


                    Try it online!



                    Naive approach; I just took the code points and converted them to decimal, subtracted 32, then this code treats them as a char before -joining it back together into a single string.






                    share|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$












                    • $begingroup$
                      901, ouch
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago










                    • $begingroup$
                      686 :/
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago













                    3












                    3








                    3





                    $begingroup$


                    PowerShell, scores 601 546





                    -join(67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14|%[char]($_+32))


                    Try it online!



                    Naive approach; I just took the code points and converted them to decimal, subtracted 32, then this code treats them as a char before -joining it back together into a single string.






                    share|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$




                    PowerShell, scores 601 546





                    -join(67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14|%[char]($_+32))


                    Try it online!



                    Naive approach; I just took the code points and converted them to decimal, subtracted 32, then this code treats them as a char before -joining it back together into a single string.







                    share|improve this answer












                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer










                    answered 10 hours ago









                    AdmBorkBorkAdmBorkBork

                    28k468241




                    28k468241











                    • $begingroup$
                      901, ouch
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago










                    • $begingroup$
                      686 :/
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago
















                    • $begingroup$
                      901, ouch
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago










                    • $begingroup$
                      686 :/
                      $endgroup$
                      – ASCII-only
                      6 hours ago















                    $begingroup$
                    901, ouch
                    $endgroup$
                    – ASCII-only
                    6 hours ago




                    $begingroup$
                    901, ouch
                    $endgroup$
                    – ASCII-only
                    6 hours ago












                    $begingroup$
                    686 :/
                    $endgroup$
                    – ASCII-only
                    6 hours ago




                    $begingroup$
                    686 :/
                    $endgroup$
                    – ASCII-only
                    6 hours ago











                    3












                    $begingroup$


                    Jelly,  274  260 bytes + 2 letters =  314  300



                    “19ב+49;7747,7884Ọ“19937801,1169680277365253“38“68112“;107¤+1+“@36841915390646457101051137247389928597014417227222832154722739623607566349606250000571655631221597252888655305356086227145497408221809227156852666405895387397931203673256733239614440865652”;";/V


                    (Uses "+,/0123456789;@V¤×Ọ‘“” of which V and are Unicode letters and are used once each)



                    Try it online!






                    share|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$

















                      3












                      $begingroup$


                      Jelly,  274  260 bytes + 2 letters =  314  300



                      “19ב+49;7747,7884Ọ“19937801,1169680277365253“38“68112“;107¤+1+“@36841915390646457101051137247389928597014417227222832154722739623607566349606250000571655631221597252888655305356086227145497408221809227156852666405895387397931203673256733239614440865652”;";/V


                      (Uses "+,/0123456789;@V¤×Ọ‘“” of which V and are Unicode letters and are used once each)



                      Try it online!






                      share|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$















                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$


                        Jelly,  274  260 bytes + 2 letters =  314  300



                        “19ב+49;7747,7884Ọ“19937801,1169680277365253“38“68112“;107¤+1+“@36841915390646457101051137247389928597014417227222832154722739623607566349606250000571655631221597252888655305356086227145497408221809227156852666405895387397931203673256733239614440865652”;";/V


                        (Uses "+,/0123456789;@V¤×Ọ‘“” of which V and are Unicode letters and are used once each)



                        Try it online!






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$




                        Jelly,  274  260 bytes + 2 letters =  314  300



                        “19ב+49;7747,7884Ọ“19937801,1169680277365253“38“68112“;107¤+1+“@36841915390646457101051137247389928597014417227222832154722739623607566349606250000571655631221597252888655305356086227145497408221809227156852666405895387397931203673256733239614440865652”;";/V


                        (Uses "+,/0123456789;@V¤×Ọ‘“” of which V and are Unicode letters and are used once each)



                        Try it online!







                        share|improve this answer














                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer








                        edited 6 hours ago

























                        answered 8 hours ago









                        Jonathan AllanJonathan Allan

                        54.4k537174




                        54.4k537174





















                            2












                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 321 bytes + 2 letters = score 361



                            3343781777797791350694255572961968519437585132057650209974147122192542459108221624793330048943528237823681411832154316740173721249435700067706302064570847610741421342406380917446310820012503592770000532190167243585300911078873144513786923305473352724133578818457026824110152529235136461572588027747840738399150398304b354Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            This is hideous and someone can definitely do better.



                            Verify score.






                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$








                            • 1




                              $begingroup$
                              actually less bad than it seems
                              $endgroup$
                              – ASCII-only
                              6 hours ago















                            2












                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 321 bytes + 2 letters = score 361



                            3343781777797791350694255572961968519437585132057650209974147122192542459108221624793330048943528237823681411832154316740173721249435700067706302064570847610741421342406380917446310820012503592770000532190167243585300911078873144513786923305473352724133578818457026824110152529235136461572588027747840738399150398304b354Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            This is hideous and someone can definitely do better.



                            Verify score.






                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$








                            • 1




                              $begingroup$
                              actually less bad than it seems
                              $endgroup$
                              – ASCII-only
                              6 hours ago













                            2












                            2








                            2





                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 321 bytes + 2 letters = score 361



                            3343781777797791350694255572961968519437585132057650209974147122192542459108221624793330048943528237823681411832154316740173721249435700067706302064570847610741421342406380917446310820012503592770000532190167243585300911078873144513786923305473352724133578818457026824110152529235136461572588027747840738399150398304b354Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            This is hideous and someone can definitely do better.



                            Verify score.






                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$




                            Jelly, 321 bytes + 2 letters = score 361



                            3343781777797791350694255572961968519437585132057650209974147122192542459108221624793330048943528237823681411832154316740173721249435700067706302064570847610741421342406380917446310820012503592770000532190167243585300911078873144513786923305473352724133578818457026824110152529235136461572588027747840738399150398304b354Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            This is hideous and someone can definitely do better.



                            Verify score.







                            share|improve this answer












                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer










                            answered 10 hours ago









                            HyperNeutrinoHyperNeutrino

                            19k437148




                            19k437148







                            • 1




                              $begingroup$
                              actually less bad than it seems
                              $endgroup$
                              – ASCII-only
                              6 hours ago












                            • 1




                              $begingroup$
                              actually less bad than it seems
                              $endgroup$
                              – ASCII-only
                              6 hours ago







                            1




                            1




                            $begingroup$
                            actually less bad than it seems
                            $endgroup$
                            – ASCII-only
                            6 hours ago




                            $begingroup$
                            actually less bad than it seems
                            $endgroup$
                            – ASCII-only
                            6 hours ago











                            2












                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 249 bytes (UTF-8) plus 2 letters; score = 289





                             “@@@ࣙ@@@[*ࢌ@࣯@@@࣐޼*@@@@@@࢛[*ࡼ@@@@ࡾ޼*@ࢵ@ࡸ@ࢂ@ࡰ@ࢵ[*ࢌ@ࣙ@ࣙ@@޼*@”O_>999×1902$$$_32Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            I couldn’t get this to work with TIO’s Jelly option, so the TIO link uses Python 3 to call Jelly. I think this is because of all the UTF-8 characters not in Jelly’s codepage.



                            Verify score!






                            share|improve this answer











                            $endgroup$












                            • $begingroup$
                              So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago











                            • $begingroup$
                              ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago
















                            2












                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 249 bytes (UTF-8) plus 2 letters; score = 289





                             “@@@ࣙ@@@[*ࢌ@࣯@@@࣐޼*@@@@@@࢛[*ࡼ@@@@ࡾ޼*@ࢵ@ࡸ@ࢂ@ࡰ@ࢵ[*ࢌ@ࣙ@ࣙ@@޼*@”O_>999×1902$$$_32Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            I couldn’t get this to work with TIO’s Jelly option, so the TIO link uses Python 3 to call Jelly. I think this is because of all the UTF-8 characters not in Jelly’s codepage.



                            Verify score!






                            share|improve this answer











                            $endgroup$












                            • $begingroup$
                              So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago











                            • $begingroup$
                              ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago














                            2












                            2








                            2





                            $begingroup$


                            Jelly, 249 bytes (UTF-8) plus 2 letters; score = 289





                             “@@@ࣙ@@@[*ࢌ@࣯@@@࣐޼*@@@@@@࢛[*ࡼ@@@@ࡾ޼*@ࢵ@ࡸ@ࢂ@ࡰ@ࢵ[*ࢌ@ࣙ@ࣙ@@޼*@”O_>999×1902$$$_32Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            I couldn’t get this to work with TIO’s Jelly option, so the TIO link uses Python 3 to call Jelly. I think this is because of all the UTF-8 characters not in Jelly’s codepage.



                            Verify score!






                            share|improve this answer











                            $endgroup$




                            Jelly, 249 bytes (UTF-8) plus 2 letters; score = 289





                             “@@@ࣙ@@@[*ࢌ@࣯@@@࣐޼*@@@@@@࢛[*ࡼ@@@@ࡾ޼*@ࢵ@ࡸ@ࢂ@ࡰ@ࢵ[*ࢌ@ࣙ@ࣙ@@޼*@”O_>999×1902$$$_32Ọ


                            Try it online!



                            I couldn’t get this to work with TIO’s Jelly option, so the TIO link uses Python 3 to call Jelly. I think this is because of all the UTF-8 characters not in Jelly’s codepage.



                            Verify score!







                            share|improve this answer














                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer








                            edited 7 hours ago

























                            answered 7 hours ago









                            Nick KennedyNick Kennedy

                            1,68649




                            1,68649











                            • $begingroup$
                              So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago











                            • $begingroup$
                              ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago

















                            • $begingroup$
                              So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago











                            • $begingroup$
                              ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                              $endgroup$
                              – Jonathan Allan
                              7 hours ago
















                            $begingroup$
                            So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                            $endgroup$
                            – Jonathan Allan
                            7 hours ago





                            $begingroup$
                            So should this be Python 3 with jelly? (in which case the header & footer count).
                            $endgroup$
                            – Jonathan Allan
                            7 hours ago













                            $begingroup$
                            ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                            $endgroup$
                            – Jonathan Allan
                            7 hours ago





                            $begingroup$
                            ...or does it run with -eu / -fu? (in which case it should be Jelly with flags -eu or ...).
                            $endgroup$
                            – Jonathan Allan
                            7 hours ago












                            2












                            $begingroup$


                            7, 410 characters, 154 bytes in 7's encoding, 0 letters = score 154



                            55104010504200144434451510201304004220120504005434473340353241135014335450302052254241052253052244241052335452241114014241310052340435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335514052312241341351052302245341351525755102440304030434030421030442030424030455733413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002410523413342411145257551220304010420030455741403


                            Try it online!



                            In a challenge that dislikes using letters, what better language to use than one consisting only of digits?



                            This is a full program that exits via crashing, so there's extraneous output to stderr, but stdout is correct.



                            Explanation



                            A 7 program, on its first iteration, simply pushes a number of elements to the stack (because out of the 12 commands that exist in 7, only 8 of them can be represented in a source program, and those 8 are specialised for writing code to push particular data structures to the stack). This program does not use the 6 command (which is the simplest way to create nested structures, but otherwise tends not to appear literally in a source program), so it's only the 7 commands that determine the structure; 7 pushes a new empty element to the top of stack (whereas the 05 commands just append to the top of stack). We can thus add whitespace to the program to show its structure:



                            551040105042001444344515102013040042201205040054344 7

                            33403532411350143354503020522542410522530522442410523354522411140142413100523
                            40435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335
                            514052312241341351052302245341351525 7

                            55102440304030434030421030442030424030455 7

                            33413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002
                            41052341334241114525 7

                            551220304010420030455 7

                            41403


                            The elements near the end of the program are pushed last, so are on top of the stack at the start of the second iteration. On this iteration, and all future iterations, the 7 interpreter automatically makes a copy of the top of the stack and interprets it as a program. The literal 41403 pushes the (non-literal, live code) 47463 (7 has 12 commands but only 8 of them have names; as such, I use bold to show the code, and non-bold to show the literal that generates that code, meaning that, e.g. 4 is the command that appends 4 to the top stack element). So the program that runs on the second iteration is 47463. Here's what that does:



                            47463
                            4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                            7 Add an empty stack element to the top of stack
                            4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                            6 Work out which commands would generate the top stack element;
                            append that to the element below (and pop the old top of stack)
                            3 Output the top stack element, pop the element below


                            This is easier to understand if we look at what happens to the stack:



                            • d c b a 47463 (code to run: 47463)

                            • d c b 47463 empty a (code to run: 7463)

                            • d c b 47463 empty a empty (code to run: 463)

                            • d c b 47463 empty empty empty a (code to run: 63)

                            • d c b 47463 empty empty "a" (code to run: 3)

                            • d c b 47463 empty (code to run: empty)

                            In other words, we take the top of stack a, work out what code is most likely to have produced it, and output that code. The 7 interpreter automatically pops empty elements from the top of stack at the end of an iteration, so we end up with the 47463 back on top of the stack, just as in the original program. It should be easy to see what happens next: we end up churning through every stack element one after another, outputting them all, until the stack underflows and the program crashes. So we've basically created a simple output loop that looks at the program's source code to determine what to output (we're not outputting the data structures that were pushes to the stack by our 05 commands, we're instead recreating what commands were used by looking at what structures were created, and outputting those). Thus, the first piece of data output is 551220304010420030455 (the source code that generates the second-from-top stack element), the second is 3341351…114525 (the source code that generates the third-from-top stack element), and so on.



                            Obviously, though, these pieces of source code aren't being output unencoded. 7 contains several different domain-specific languages for encoding output; once a domain-specific language is chosen, it remains in use until explicitly cleared, but if none of the languages have been chosen yet, the first digit of the code being output determines which of the languages to use. In this program, only two languages are used: 551 and 3.



                            551 is pretty simple: it's basically the old Baudot/teletype code used to transmit letters over teletypes, as a 5-bit character set, but modified to make all the letters lowercase. So the first chunk of code to be output decodes like this:



                            551 22 03 04 01 04 20 03 04 55
                            c a SP e SP n a SP reset output format


                            As can be seen, we're fitting each character into two octal digits, which is a pretty decent compression ratio. Pairs of digits in the 0-5 range give us 36 possibilities, as opposed to the 32 possibilities that Baudot needs, so the remaining four are used for special commands; in this case, the 55 at the end clears the remembered output format, letting us use a different format for the next piece of output we produce.



                            3 is conceptually even simpler, but with a twist. The basic idea is to take groups of three digits (again, in the 0-5 range, as those are the digits for which we can guarantee that we can recreate the original source code from its output), interpret them as a three-digit number in base 6, and just output it as a byte in binary (thus letting us output the multibyte characters in the desired output simply by outputting multiple bytes). The twist, though, comes from the fact that there are only 216 three-digit numbers (with possible leading zeroes) in base 6, but 256 possible bytes. 7 gets round this by linking numbers from 332₆ = 128₁₀ upwards to two different bytes; 332 can output either byte 128 or 192, 333 either byte 129 or 193, and so on, up to 515 which outputs either byte 191 or 255.



                            How does the program know which of the two possibilities to output? It's possible to use triplets of digits from 520 upwards to control this explicitly, but in this program we don't have to: 7's default is to pick all the ambiguous bytes in such a way that the output is valid UTF-8! It turns out that there's always at most one way to do this, so as long as it's UTF-8 we want (and we do in this case), we can just leave it ambiguous and the program works anyway.



                            The end of each of the 3… sections is 525, which resets the output format, letting us go back to 551 for the next section.






                            share|improve this answer











                            $endgroup$

















                              2












                              $begingroup$


                              7, 410 characters, 154 bytes in 7's encoding, 0 letters = score 154



                              55104010504200144434451510201304004220120504005434473340353241135014335450302052254241052253052244241052335452241114014241310052340435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335514052312241341351052302245341351525755102440304030434030421030442030424030455733413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002410523413342411145257551220304010420030455741403


                              Try it online!



                              In a challenge that dislikes using letters, what better language to use than one consisting only of digits?



                              This is a full program that exits via crashing, so there's extraneous output to stderr, but stdout is correct.



                              Explanation



                              A 7 program, on its first iteration, simply pushes a number of elements to the stack (because out of the 12 commands that exist in 7, only 8 of them can be represented in a source program, and those 8 are specialised for writing code to push particular data structures to the stack). This program does not use the 6 command (which is the simplest way to create nested structures, but otherwise tends not to appear literally in a source program), so it's only the 7 commands that determine the structure; 7 pushes a new empty element to the top of stack (whereas the 05 commands just append to the top of stack). We can thus add whitespace to the program to show its structure:



                              551040105042001444344515102013040042201205040054344 7

                              33403532411350143354503020522542410522530522442410523354522411140142413100523
                              40435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335
                              514052312241341351052302245341351525 7

                              55102440304030434030421030442030424030455 7

                              33413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002
                              41052341334241114525 7

                              551220304010420030455 7

                              41403


                              The elements near the end of the program are pushed last, so are on top of the stack at the start of the second iteration. On this iteration, and all future iterations, the 7 interpreter automatically makes a copy of the top of the stack and interprets it as a program. The literal 41403 pushes the (non-literal, live code) 47463 (7 has 12 commands but only 8 of them have names; as such, I use bold to show the code, and non-bold to show the literal that generates that code, meaning that, e.g. 4 is the command that appends 4 to the top stack element). So the program that runs on the second iteration is 47463. Here's what that does:



                              47463
                              4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                              7 Add an empty stack element to the top of stack
                              4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                              6 Work out which commands would generate the top stack element;
                              append that to the element below (and pop the old top of stack)
                              3 Output the top stack element, pop the element below


                              This is easier to understand if we look at what happens to the stack:



                              • d c b a 47463 (code to run: 47463)

                              • d c b 47463 empty a (code to run: 7463)

                              • d c b 47463 empty a empty (code to run: 463)

                              • d c b 47463 empty empty empty a (code to run: 63)

                              • d c b 47463 empty empty "a" (code to run: 3)

                              • d c b 47463 empty (code to run: empty)

                              In other words, we take the top of stack a, work out what code is most likely to have produced it, and output that code. The 7 interpreter automatically pops empty elements from the top of stack at the end of an iteration, so we end up with the 47463 back on top of the stack, just as in the original program. It should be easy to see what happens next: we end up churning through every stack element one after another, outputting them all, until the stack underflows and the program crashes. So we've basically created a simple output loop that looks at the program's source code to determine what to output (we're not outputting the data structures that were pushes to the stack by our 05 commands, we're instead recreating what commands were used by looking at what structures were created, and outputting those). Thus, the first piece of data output is 551220304010420030455 (the source code that generates the second-from-top stack element), the second is 3341351…114525 (the source code that generates the third-from-top stack element), and so on.



                              Obviously, though, these pieces of source code aren't being output unencoded. 7 contains several different domain-specific languages for encoding output; once a domain-specific language is chosen, it remains in use until explicitly cleared, but if none of the languages have been chosen yet, the first digit of the code being output determines which of the languages to use. In this program, only two languages are used: 551 and 3.



                              551 is pretty simple: it's basically the old Baudot/teletype code used to transmit letters over teletypes, as a 5-bit character set, but modified to make all the letters lowercase. So the first chunk of code to be output decodes like this:



                              551 22 03 04 01 04 20 03 04 55
                              c a SP e SP n a SP reset output format


                              As can be seen, we're fitting each character into two octal digits, which is a pretty decent compression ratio. Pairs of digits in the 0-5 range give us 36 possibilities, as opposed to the 32 possibilities that Baudot needs, so the remaining four are used for special commands; in this case, the 55 at the end clears the remembered output format, letting us use a different format for the next piece of output we produce.



                              3 is conceptually even simpler, but with a twist. The basic idea is to take groups of three digits (again, in the 0-5 range, as those are the digits for which we can guarantee that we can recreate the original source code from its output), interpret them as a three-digit number in base 6, and just output it as a byte in binary (thus letting us output the multibyte characters in the desired output simply by outputting multiple bytes). The twist, though, comes from the fact that there are only 216 three-digit numbers (with possible leading zeroes) in base 6, but 256 possible bytes. 7 gets round this by linking numbers from 332₆ = 128₁₀ upwards to two different bytes; 332 can output either byte 128 or 192, 333 either byte 129 or 193, and so on, up to 515 which outputs either byte 191 or 255.



                              How does the program know which of the two possibilities to output? It's possible to use triplets of digits from 520 upwards to control this explicitly, but in this program we don't have to: 7's default is to pick all the ambiguous bytes in such a way that the output is valid UTF-8! It turns out that there's always at most one way to do this, so as long as it's UTF-8 we want (and we do in this case), we can just leave it ambiguous and the program works anyway.



                              The end of each of the 3… sections is 525, which resets the output format, letting us go back to 551 for the next section.






                              share|improve this answer











                              $endgroup$















                                2












                                2








                                2





                                $begingroup$


                                7, 410 characters, 154 bytes in 7's encoding, 0 letters = score 154



                                55104010504200144434451510201304004220120504005434473340353241135014335450302052254241052253052244241052335452241114014241310052340435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335514052312241341351052302245341351525755102440304030434030421030442030424030455733413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002410523413342411145257551220304010420030455741403


                                Try it online!



                                In a challenge that dislikes using letters, what better language to use than one consisting only of digits?



                                This is a full program that exits via crashing, so there's extraneous output to stderr, but stdout is correct.



                                Explanation



                                A 7 program, on its first iteration, simply pushes a number of elements to the stack (because out of the 12 commands that exist in 7, only 8 of them can be represented in a source program, and those 8 are specialised for writing code to push particular data structures to the stack). This program does not use the 6 command (which is the simplest way to create nested structures, but otherwise tends not to appear literally in a source program), so it's only the 7 commands that determine the structure; 7 pushes a new empty element to the top of stack (whereas the 05 commands just append to the top of stack). We can thus add whitespace to the program to show its structure:



                                551040105042001444344515102013040042201205040054344 7

                                33403532411350143354503020522542410522530522442410523354522411140142413100523
                                40435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335
                                514052312241341351052302245341351525 7

                                55102440304030434030421030442030424030455 7

                                33413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002
                                41052341334241114525 7

                                551220304010420030455 7

                                41403


                                The elements near the end of the program are pushed last, so are on top of the stack at the start of the second iteration. On this iteration, and all future iterations, the 7 interpreter automatically makes a copy of the top of the stack and interprets it as a program. The literal 41403 pushes the (non-literal, live code) 47463 (7 has 12 commands but only 8 of them have names; as such, I use bold to show the code, and non-bold to show the literal that generates that code, meaning that, e.g. 4 is the command that appends 4 to the top stack element). So the program that runs on the second iteration is 47463. Here's what that does:



                                47463
                                4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                                7 Add an empty stack element to the top of stack
                                4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                                6 Work out which commands would generate the top stack element;
                                append that to the element below (and pop the old top of stack)
                                3 Output the top stack element, pop the element below


                                This is easier to understand if we look at what happens to the stack:



                                • d c b a 47463 (code to run: 47463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty a (code to run: 7463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty a empty (code to run: 463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty empty empty a (code to run: 63)

                                • d c b 47463 empty empty "a" (code to run: 3)

                                • d c b 47463 empty (code to run: empty)

                                In other words, we take the top of stack a, work out what code is most likely to have produced it, and output that code. The 7 interpreter automatically pops empty elements from the top of stack at the end of an iteration, so we end up with the 47463 back on top of the stack, just as in the original program. It should be easy to see what happens next: we end up churning through every stack element one after another, outputting them all, until the stack underflows and the program crashes. So we've basically created a simple output loop that looks at the program's source code to determine what to output (we're not outputting the data structures that were pushes to the stack by our 05 commands, we're instead recreating what commands were used by looking at what structures were created, and outputting those). Thus, the first piece of data output is 551220304010420030455 (the source code that generates the second-from-top stack element), the second is 3341351…114525 (the source code that generates the third-from-top stack element), and so on.



                                Obviously, though, these pieces of source code aren't being output unencoded. 7 contains several different domain-specific languages for encoding output; once a domain-specific language is chosen, it remains in use until explicitly cleared, but if none of the languages have been chosen yet, the first digit of the code being output determines which of the languages to use. In this program, only two languages are used: 551 and 3.



                                551 is pretty simple: it's basically the old Baudot/teletype code used to transmit letters over teletypes, as a 5-bit character set, but modified to make all the letters lowercase. So the first chunk of code to be output decodes like this:



                                551 22 03 04 01 04 20 03 04 55
                                c a SP e SP n a SP reset output format


                                As can be seen, we're fitting each character into two octal digits, which is a pretty decent compression ratio. Pairs of digits in the 0-5 range give us 36 possibilities, as opposed to the 32 possibilities that Baudot needs, so the remaining four are used for special commands; in this case, the 55 at the end clears the remembered output format, letting us use a different format for the next piece of output we produce.



                                3 is conceptually even simpler, but with a twist. The basic idea is to take groups of three digits (again, in the 0-5 range, as those are the digits for which we can guarantee that we can recreate the original source code from its output), interpret them as a three-digit number in base 6, and just output it as a byte in binary (thus letting us output the multibyte characters in the desired output simply by outputting multiple bytes). The twist, though, comes from the fact that there are only 216 three-digit numbers (with possible leading zeroes) in base 6, but 256 possible bytes. 7 gets round this by linking numbers from 332₆ = 128₁₀ upwards to two different bytes; 332 can output either byte 128 or 192, 333 either byte 129 or 193, and so on, up to 515 which outputs either byte 191 or 255.



                                How does the program know which of the two possibilities to output? It's possible to use triplets of digits from 520 upwards to control this explicitly, but in this program we don't have to: 7's default is to pick all the ambiguous bytes in such a way that the output is valid UTF-8! It turns out that there's always at most one way to do this, so as long as it's UTF-8 we want (and we do in this case), we can just leave it ambiguous and the program works anyway.



                                The end of each of the 3… sections is 525, which resets the output format, letting us go back to 551 for the next section.






                                share|improve this answer











                                $endgroup$




                                7, 410 characters, 154 bytes in 7's encoding, 0 letters = score 154



                                55104010504200144434451510201304004220120504005434473340353241135014335450302052254241052253052244241052335452241114014241310052340435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335514052312241341351052302245341351525755102440304030434030421030442030424030455733413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002410523413342411145257551220304010420030455741403


                                Try it online!



                                In a challenge that dislikes using letters, what better language to use than one consisting only of digits?



                                This is a full program that exits via crashing, so there's extraneous output to stderr, but stdout is correct.



                                Explanation



                                A 7 program, on its first iteration, simply pushes a number of elements to the stack (because out of the 12 commands that exist in 7, only 8 of them can be represented in a source program, and those 8 are specialised for writing code to push particular data structures to the stack). This program does not use the 6 command (which is the simplest way to create nested structures, but otherwise tends not to appear literally in a source program), so it's only the 7 commands that determine the structure; 7 pushes a new empty element to the top of stack (whereas the 05 commands just append to the top of stack). We can thus add whitespace to the program to show its structure:



                                551040105042001444344515102013040042201205040054344 7

                                33403532411350143354503020522542410522530522442410523354522411140142413100523
                                40435303052335442302052335500302052335430302052313340435303135014243241310335
                                514052312241341351052302245341351525 7

                                55102440304030434030421030442030424030455 7

                                33413512410523142410523030523112411350143355142410523414252410523102410523002
                                41052341334241114525 7

                                551220304010420030455 7

                                41403


                                The elements near the end of the program are pushed last, so are on top of the stack at the start of the second iteration. On this iteration, and all future iterations, the 7 interpreter automatically makes a copy of the top of the stack and interprets it as a program. The literal 41403 pushes the (non-literal, live code) 47463 (7 has 12 commands but only 8 of them have names; as such, I use bold to show the code, and non-bold to show the literal that generates that code, meaning that, e.g. 4 is the command that appends 4 to the top stack element). So the program that runs on the second iteration is 47463. Here's what that does:



                                47463
                                4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                                7 Add an empty stack element to the top of stack
                                4 Swap top two stack elements, add an empty element in between
                                6 Work out which commands would generate the top stack element;
                                append that to the element below (and pop the old top of stack)
                                3 Output the top stack element, pop the element below


                                This is easier to understand if we look at what happens to the stack:



                                • d c b a 47463 (code to run: 47463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty a (code to run: 7463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty a empty (code to run: 463)

                                • d c b 47463 empty empty empty a (code to run: 63)

                                • d c b 47463 empty empty "a" (code to run: 3)

                                • d c b 47463 empty (code to run: empty)

                                In other words, we take the top of stack a, work out what code is most likely to have produced it, and output that code. The 7 interpreter automatically pops empty elements from the top of stack at the end of an iteration, so we end up with the 47463 back on top of the stack, just as in the original program. It should be easy to see what happens next: we end up churning through every stack element one after another, outputting them all, until the stack underflows and the program crashes. So we've basically created a simple output loop that looks at the program's source code to determine what to output (we're not outputting the data structures that were pushes to the stack by our 05 commands, we're instead recreating what commands were used by looking at what structures were created, and outputting those). Thus, the first piece of data output is 551220304010420030455 (the source code that generates the second-from-top stack element), the second is 3341351…114525 (the source code that generates the third-from-top stack element), and so on.



                                Obviously, though, these pieces of source code aren't being output unencoded. 7 contains several different domain-specific languages for encoding output; once a domain-specific language is chosen, it remains in use until explicitly cleared, but if none of the languages have been chosen yet, the first digit of the code being output determines which of the languages to use. In this program, only two languages are used: 551 and 3.



                                551 is pretty simple: it's basically the old Baudot/teletype code used to transmit letters over teletypes, as a 5-bit character set, but modified to make all the letters lowercase. So the first chunk of code to be output decodes like this:



                                551 22 03 04 01 04 20 03 04 55
                                c a SP e SP n a SP reset output format


                                As can be seen, we're fitting each character into two octal digits, which is a pretty decent compression ratio. Pairs of digits in the 0-5 range give us 36 possibilities, as opposed to the 32 possibilities that Baudot needs, so the remaining four are used for special commands; in this case, the 55 at the end clears the remembered output format, letting us use a different format for the next piece of output we produce.



                                3 is conceptually even simpler, but with a twist. The basic idea is to take groups of three digits (again, in the 0-5 range, as those are the digits for which we can guarantee that we can recreate the original source code from its output), interpret them as a three-digit number in base 6, and just output it as a byte in binary (thus letting us output the multibyte characters in the desired output simply by outputting multiple bytes). The twist, though, comes from the fact that there are only 216 three-digit numbers (with possible leading zeroes) in base 6, but 256 possible bytes. 7 gets round this by linking numbers from 332₆ = 128₁₀ upwards to two different bytes; 332 can output either byte 128 or 192, 333 either byte 129 or 193, and so on, up to 515 which outputs either byte 191 or 255.



                                How does the program know which of the two possibilities to output? It's possible to use triplets of digits from 520 upwards to control this explicitly, but in this program we don't have to: 7's default is to pick all the ambiguous bytes in such a way that the output is valid UTF-8! It turns out that there's always at most one way to do this, so as long as it's UTF-8 we want (and we do in this case), we can just leave it ambiguous and the program works anyway.



                                The end of each of the 3… sections is 525, which resets the output format, letting us go back to 551 for the next section.







                                share|improve this answer














                                share|improve this answer



                                share|improve this answer








                                answered 4 hours ago


























                                community wiki





                                ais523






















                                    0












                                    $begingroup$


                                    Python 3, 397 bytes + 19 letters = 777 score





                                    print(''.join(chr(i+32)for i in[67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14]))


                                    Try it online!



                                    Port of AdmBorkBork's answer.






                                    share|improve this answer











                                    $endgroup$

















                                      0












                                      $begingroup$


                                      Python 3, 397 bytes + 19 letters = 777 score





                                      print(''.join(chr(i+32)for i in[67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14]))


                                      Try it online!



                                      Port of AdmBorkBork's answer.






                                      share|improve this answer











                                      $endgroup$















                                        0












                                        0








                                        0





                                        $begingroup$


                                        Python 3, 397 bytes + 19 letters = 777 score





                                        print(''.join(chr(i+32)for i in[67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14]))


                                        Try it online!



                                        Port of AdmBorkBork's answer.






                                        share|improve this answer











                                        $endgroup$




                                        Python 3, 397 bytes + 19 letters = 777 score





                                        print(''.join(chr(i+32)for i in[67,65,0,69,0,78,65,0,299,65,0,86,65,0,79,0,83,65,27,-22,222,65,0,321,65,0,82,65,0,76,65,0,290,65,14,-22,77,65,0,65,0,80,65,0,70,65,0,71,65,0,84,65,0,237,65,27,-22,206,78,0,74,65,0,73,0,68,65,0,208,65,14,-22,65,82,0,263,79,0,202,78,0,212,78,0,194,78,0,85,263,79,27,-22,67,65,82,222,0,84,65,299,0,78,69,299,0,69,83,0,78,69,77,14,-22,69,76,79,0,67,69,78,86,79,83,14]))


                                        Try it online!



                                        Port of AdmBorkBork's answer.







                                        share|improve this answer














                                        share|improve this answer



                                        share|improve this answer








                                        edited 10 hours ago

























                                        answered 10 hours ago









                                        Artemis FowlArtemis Fowl

                                        27111




                                        27111





















                                            0












                                            $begingroup$


                                            Retina, 141 characters, 160 bytes, 15 letters = score 460



                                            K`%# ' 1# !# 9# 2 6#;¶þ# š# 5# /# ł#.¶0# # 3# (# )# 7# č#;¶î1 ,# + &# ð#.¶#5 ħ2 ê1 ô1 â1 8ħ2;¶%#5þ 7#! 1'! '6 1'0.¶'/2 %'1926.
                                            T`!--/-9`ŋ`-{


                                            Try it online!






                                            share|improve this answer









                                            $endgroup$

















                                              0












                                              $begingroup$


                                              Retina, 141 characters, 160 bytes, 15 letters = score 460



                                              K`%# ' 1# !# 9# 2 6#;¶þ# š# 5# /# ł#.¶0# # 3# (# )# 7# č#;¶î1 ,# + &# ð#.¶#5 ħ2 ê1 ô1 â1 8ħ2;¶%#5þ 7#! 1'! '6 1'0.¶'/2 %'1926.
                                              T`!--/-9`ŋ`-{


                                              Try it online!






                                              share|improve this answer









                                              $endgroup$















                                                0












                                                0








                                                0





                                                $begingroup$


                                                Retina, 141 characters, 160 bytes, 15 letters = score 460



                                                K`%# ' 1# !# 9# 2 6#;¶þ# š# 5# /# ł#.¶0# # 3# (# )# 7# č#;¶î1 ,# + &# ð#.¶#5 ħ2 ê1 ô1 â1 8ħ2;¶%#5þ 7#! 1'! '6 1'0.¶'/2 %'1926.
                                                T`!--/-9`ŋ`-{


                                                Try it online!






                                                share|improve this answer









                                                $endgroup$




                                                Retina, 141 characters, 160 bytes, 15 letters = score 460



                                                K`%# ' 1# !# 9# 2 6#;¶þ# š# 5# /# ł#.¶0# # 3# (# )# 7# č#;¶î1 ,# + &# ð#.¶#5 ħ2 ê1 ô1 â1 8ħ2;¶%#5þ 7#! 1'! '6 1'0.¶'/2 %'1926.
                                                T`!--/-9`ŋ`-{


                                                Try it online!







                                                share|improve this answer












                                                share|improve this answer



                                                share|improve this answer










                                                answered 8 hours ago









                                                NeilNeil

                                                82.9k745179




                                                82.9k745179



























                                                    draft saved

                                                    draft discarded
















































                                                    If this is an answer to a challenge…



                                                    • …Be sure to follow the challenge specification. However, please refrain from exploiting obvious loopholes. Answers abusing any of the standard loopholes are considered invalid. If you think a specification is unclear or underspecified, comment on the question instead.


                                                    • …Try to optimize your score. For instance, answers to code-golf challenges should attempt to be as short as possible. You can always include a readable version of the code in addition to the competitive one.
                                                      Explanations of your answer make it more interesting to read and are very much encouraged.


                                                    • …Include a short header which indicates the language(s) of your code and its score, as defined by the challenge.


                                                    More generally…



                                                    • …Please make sure to answer the question and provide sufficient detail.


                                                    • …Avoid asking for help, clarification or responding to other answers (use comments instead).




                                                    draft saved


                                                    draft discarded














                                                    StackExchange.ready(
                                                    function ()
                                                    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fcodegolf.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f183248%2foutput-the-%25c5%258bar%25c3%25a2%25c3%25be-cr%25c3%25ae%25c3%25be-alphabet-song-without-using-many-letters%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                                                    );

                                                    Post as a guest















                                                    Required, but never shown





















































                                                    Required, but never shown














                                                    Required, but never shown












                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Required, but never shown

































                                                    Required, but never shown














                                                    Required, but never shown












                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Popular posts from this blog

                                                    How to create a command for the “strange m” symbol in latex? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)How do you make your own symbol when Detexify fails?Writing bold small caps with mathpazo packageplus-minus symbol with parenthesis around the minus signGreek character in Beamer document titleHow to create dashed right arrow over symbol?Currency symbol: Turkish LiraDouble prec as a single symbol?Plus Sign Too Big; How to Call adfbullet?Is there a TeX macro for three-legged pi?How do I get my integral-like symbol to align like the integral?How to selectively substitute a letter with another symbol representing the same letterHow do I generate a less than symbol and vertical bar that are the same height?

                                                    Българска екзархия Съдържание История | Български екзарси | Вижте също | Външни препратки | Литература | Бележки | НавигацияУстав за управлението на българската екзархия. Цариград, 1870Слово на Ловешкия митрополит Иларион при откриването на Българския народен събор в Цариград на 23. II. 1870 г.Българската правда и гръцката кривда. От С. М. (= Софийски Мелетий). Цариград, 1872Предстоятели на Българската екзархияПодмененият ВеликденИнформационна агенция „Фокус“Димитър Ризов. Българите в техните исторически, етнографически и политически граници (Атлас съдържащ 40 карти). Berlin, Königliche Hoflithographie, Hof-Buch- und -Steindruckerei Wilhelm Greve, 1917Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars

                                                    Category:Tremithousa Media in category "Tremithousa"Navigation menuUpload media34° 49′ 02.7″ N, 32° 26′ 37.32″ EOpenStreetMapGoogle EarthProximityramaReasonatorScholiaStatisticsWikiShootMe