What is the meaning of 'clusterbourach'?Using purgatory to describe a between state?What is the meaning of 'though'?What does “come to terms with” mean?Correct word or phrase for “outsourcing” within companyMeaning of “win-the-cycle crap”Is it ever correct to write “doorlight” as one word?Can the word “cooking” also be used to describe something that is “still in the process of being developed”?Why have etymologists assigned multiple meanings to the word “wraith”?What does “barren” mean when used to describe cages?Growing popular misuse or change in definition of the phrase “conspiracy theory”?

What is a romance in Latin?

Little known, relatively unlikely, but scientifically plausible, apocalyptic (or near apocalyptic) events

What's the in-universe reasoning behind sorcerers needing material components?

Short story with a alien planet, government officials must wear exploding medallions

How do conventional missiles fly?

Do scales need to be in alphabetical order?

Should I tell management that I intend to leave due to bad software development practices?

ssTTsSTtRrriinInnnnNNNIiinngg

How much of data wrangling is a data scientist's job?

What does “the session was packed” mean in this context?

What killed these X2 caps?

Could the museum Saturn V's be refitted for one more flight?

Why doesn't using multiple commands with a || or && conditional work?

Is there a hemisphere-neutral way of specifying a season?

Is it logically or scientifically possible to artificially send energy to the body?

What are some good books on Machine Learning and AI like Krugman, Wells and Graddy's "Essentials of Economics"

Solving a recurrence relation (poker chips)

How do I deal with an unproductive colleague in a small company?

Avoiding the "not like other girls" trope?

Size of subfigure fitting its content (tikzpicture)

What reasons are there for a Capitalist to oppose a 100% inheritance tax?

How can I determine if the org that I'm currently connected to is a scratch org?

Examples of smooth manifolds admitting inbetween one and a continuum of complex structures

Why is this clock signal connected to a capacitor to gnd?



What is the meaning of 'clusterbourach'?


Using purgatory to describe a between state?What is the meaning of 'though'?What does “come to terms with” mean?Correct word or phrase for “outsourcing” within companyMeaning of “win-the-cycle crap”Is it ever correct to write “doorlight” as one word?Can the word “cooking” also be used to describe something that is “still in the process of being developed”?Why have etymologists assigned multiple meanings to the word “wraith”?What does “barren” mean when used to describe cages?Growing popular misuse or change in definition of the phrase “conspiracy theory”?













14















In recent days I've seen the word 'clusterbourach' come up to describe the Brexit process. For example, in the National:




The deal was, he said later, not just a bourach, but a “clusterbourach”.




I've tried looking up this word online but have been unable to find a definition (for example, in the Online Scots Dictionary). I'm guessing from context that it means 'a mess' or something similar. Still, it would be good to get a proper definition.



What does this word mean?










share|improve this question

















  • 1





    We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 14 '18 at 15:37











  • There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

    – Fattie
    Dec 14 '18 at 16:38











  • Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

    – David Robinson
    Dec 14 '18 at 22:33











  • I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 16 '18 at 9:17















14















In recent days I've seen the word 'clusterbourach' come up to describe the Brexit process. For example, in the National:




The deal was, he said later, not just a bourach, but a “clusterbourach”.




I've tried looking up this word online but have been unable to find a definition (for example, in the Online Scots Dictionary). I'm guessing from context that it means 'a mess' or something similar. Still, it would be good to get a proper definition.



What does this word mean?










share|improve this question

















  • 1





    We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 14 '18 at 15:37











  • There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

    – Fattie
    Dec 14 '18 at 16:38











  • Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

    – David Robinson
    Dec 14 '18 at 22:33











  • I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 16 '18 at 9:17













14












14








14








In recent days I've seen the word 'clusterbourach' come up to describe the Brexit process. For example, in the National:




The deal was, he said later, not just a bourach, but a “clusterbourach”.




I've tried looking up this word online but have been unable to find a definition (for example, in the Online Scots Dictionary). I'm guessing from context that it means 'a mess' or something similar. Still, it would be good to get a proper definition.



What does this word mean?










share|improve this question














In recent days I've seen the word 'clusterbourach' come up to describe the Brexit process. For example, in the National:




The deal was, he said later, not just a bourach, but a “clusterbourach”.




I've tried looking up this word online but have been unable to find a definition (for example, in the Online Scots Dictionary). I'm guessing from context that it means 'a mess' or something similar. Still, it would be good to get a proper definition.



What does this word mean?







meaning scottish-english






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Dec 14 '18 at 12:19









The Dark LordThe Dark Lord

21818




21818







  • 1





    We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 14 '18 at 15:37











  • There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

    – Fattie
    Dec 14 '18 at 16:38











  • Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

    – David Robinson
    Dec 14 '18 at 22:33











  • I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 16 '18 at 9:17












  • 1





    We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 14 '18 at 15:37











  • There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

    – Fattie
    Dec 14 '18 at 16:38











  • Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

    – David Robinson
    Dec 14 '18 at 22:33











  • I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 16 '18 at 9:17







1




1





We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

– Spagirl
Dec 14 '18 at 15:37





We're way past clusterburach, most commentators agree we are now well into omniburach territory. I put great faith in my local MSP's scots/gaelic/english vocabulary.

– Spagirl
Dec 14 '18 at 15:37













There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

– Fattie
Dec 14 '18 at 16:38





There is a common vulgar phrase in English (which originated with the military), "cluster-F***". It's a local play on that.

– Fattie
Dec 14 '18 at 16:38













Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

– David Robinson
Dec 14 '18 at 22:33





Omnibùrach is clearly a Scottish version of omnishambles. However, I think we are well past omnibùrach. I think we are past all vocabulary. It is also interesting that politicians now think it appropriate to use the Gaelic spelling with the ù. How times have changed.

– David Robinson
Dec 14 '18 at 22:33













I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

– Spagirl
Dec 16 '18 at 9:17





I have today seen ‘galactabouroch’ in the wild.

– Spagirl
Dec 16 '18 at 9:17










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















18














The writer of this article is assuming the reader is familiar with a rather vulgar term, cluster fuck, given by M-W as:




a complex and utterly disordered and mismanaged situation : a muddled mess




I am not that familiar with the term bourach, but one of the meanings given in your own link is "mess." This could be connected to its other meaning of hovel, i.e. dwelling in a bad state of upkeep, but this is conjecture on my part.



So the writer has either made playful use of some rhetorical parallelism by adding the cluster in front of bourach for emphasis, or a slightly humorous attempt to bowdlerize his statement by replacing the vulgar portion of cluster fuck with something else. Whether the attempt worked and got the desired effect is another question.






share|improve this answer




















  • 1





    That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

    – The Dark Lord
    Dec 14 '18 at 12:44






  • 4





    By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

    – The Dark Lord
    Dec 14 '18 at 12:47











  • Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

    – Spagirl
    Dec 15 '18 at 9:16











  • @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

    – cobaltduck
    Dec 15 '18 at 15:39











  • @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

    – cobaltduck
    Dec 15 '18 at 15:40


















8














The more common spelling of this is




clusterburach




meaning something like an 'awful great big complicated mess'. It has been used commonly recently to describe the legal difficulties in Brexit negotiations.



An example usage from recent news:




Scotland does deserve better. No reasonable person looking at the clusterburach at Westminster this week can deny that.”




It of course is patterned after the much more pejorative/taboo 'clusterfuck', a big mess. The interesting part is that




'burach' is Scots Gaelic for 'mess.




(thanks Spagirl for the dictionary link). So 'clusterburach' is two euphemism steps away from 'clusterfuck'.




Aside: there may be no trustworthy evidence for it but
'burach' may also mean 'duck', which may have been a multilingual rhyming euphemism (this is very questionable but entertaining). In other words, a cluster of ducks is not necessarily evocative of a terrible complication, but is associated by translation first and then by rhyming with a taboo word for 'a great big mess'. I have no evidence for this other than Google Translate, which is notoriously problematic for underrepresented languages like Gaelic in its various national forms, and idle, or rather motivated, speculation.






share|improve this answer

























  • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

    – tchrist
    Dec 15 '18 at 1:52











  • Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 15 '18 at 8:13












  • @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

    – Mitch
    Dec 15 '18 at 14:29






  • 1





    Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

    – Spagirl
    Dec 15 '18 at 15:44


















2














Bùrach is used in Dumfries to describe a large mess or F...Up! Some think it's local Dumfries "Scots", but it's Gàidhlig, it's Praiseach in Gaeilge. Watching Ian Blackford talking on Sky news live saying " Clusterbùrach" is the best TV I've seen this year!






share|improve this answer








New contributor




Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.



























    1














    You'll find the Scots term "bourach" in this online Scots dictionary. It's a loan word from Scottish Gaelic "bùrach", which means "a mess, a hash (of something)". The Scots loan takes on other meanings, but in the word clusterbourach it is simply a more emphatic way of calling something a "shambles" or a "mess". Can be spelled "bourach", "boorach", "burach".



    http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/scots_english.asp
    boorach [ˈbuːrəx, ˈbuːrɪç]
    n. A small mound, a heap of stones. A heap or mass. A crowd, a group, a cluster. A humble dwelling, a hovel, a mess.
    dim. boorachie, boorie NN.a. a small heap
    v. To heap up, mass profusely. To crowd together.
    bourach [ˈbuːrəx, NN.b. ˈbiːrəx]
    n. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking.
    v. To fetter.



    Here is the Gaelic definition of bùrach.
    https://faclair.com/
    bùrach /buːrəx/
    fir. gin. ┐ iol. -aich
    1 bourach, mess, guddle, shambles 2 (act of) delving, digging 3 jostling (in sports)






    share|improve this answer























      Your Answer








      StackExchange.ready(function()
      var channelOptions =
      tags: "".split(" "),
      id: "97"
      ;
      initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

      StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
      // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
      if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
      StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
      createEditor();
      );

      else
      createEditor();

      );

      function createEditor()
      StackExchange.prepareEditor(
      heartbeatType: 'answer',
      autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
      convertImagesToLinks: false,
      noModals: true,
      showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
      reputationToPostImages: null,
      bindNavPrevention: true,
      postfix: "",
      imageUploader:
      brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
      contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
      allowUrls: true
      ,
      noCode: true, onDemand: true,
      discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
      ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
      );



      );













      draft saved

      draft discarded


















      StackExchange.ready(
      function ()
      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fenglish.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f477106%2fwhat-is-the-meaning-of-clusterbourach%23new-answer', 'question_page');

      );

      Post as a guest















      Required, but never shown

























      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes








      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      18














      The writer of this article is assuming the reader is familiar with a rather vulgar term, cluster fuck, given by M-W as:




      a complex and utterly disordered and mismanaged situation : a muddled mess




      I am not that familiar with the term bourach, but one of the meanings given in your own link is "mess." This could be connected to its other meaning of hovel, i.e. dwelling in a bad state of upkeep, but this is conjecture on my part.



      So the writer has either made playful use of some rhetorical parallelism by adding the cluster in front of bourach for emphasis, or a slightly humorous attempt to bowdlerize his statement by replacing the vulgar portion of cluster fuck with something else. Whether the attempt worked and got the desired effect is another question.






      share|improve this answer




















      • 1





        That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:44






      • 4





        By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:47











      • Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 9:16











      • @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:39











      • @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:40















      18














      The writer of this article is assuming the reader is familiar with a rather vulgar term, cluster fuck, given by M-W as:




      a complex and utterly disordered and mismanaged situation : a muddled mess




      I am not that familiar with the term bourach, but one of the meanings given in your own link is "mess." This could be connected to its other meaning of hovel, i.e. dwelling in a bad state of upkeep, but this is conjecture on my part.



      So the writer has either made playful use of some rhetorical parallelism by adding the cluster in front of bourach for emphasis, or a slightly humorous attempt to bowdlerize his statement by replacing the vulgar portion of cluster fuck with something else. Whether the attempt worked and got the desired effect is another question.






      share|improve this answer




















      • 1





        That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:44






      • 4





        By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:47











      • Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 9:16











      • @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:39











      • @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:40













      18












      18








      18







      The writer of this article is assuming the reader is familiar with a rather vulgar term, cluster fuck, given by M-W as:




      a complex and utterly disordered and mismanaged situation : a muddled mess




      I am not that familiar with the term bourach, but one of the meanings given in your own link is "mess." This could be connected to its other meaning of hovel, i.e. dwelling in a bad state of upkeep, but this is conjecture on my part.



      So the writer has either made playful use of some rhetorical parallelism by adding the cluster in front of bourach for emphasis, or a slightly humorous attempt to bowdlerize his statement by replacing the vulgar portion of cluster fuck with something else. Whether the attempt worked and got the desired effect is another question.






      share|improve this answer















      The writer of this article is assuming the reader is familiar with a rather vulgar term, cluster fuck, given by M-W as:




      a complex and utterly disordered and mismanaged situation : a muddled mess




      I am not that familiar with the term bourach, but one of the meanings given in your own link is "mess." This could be connected to its other meaning of hovel, i.e. dwelling in a bad state of upkeep, but this is conjecture on my part.



      So the writer has either made playful use of some rhetorical parallelism by adding the cluster in front of bourach for emphasis, or a slightly humorous attempt to bowdlerize his statement by replacing the vulgar portion of cluster fuck with something else. Whether the attempt worked and got the desired effect is another question.







      share|improve this answer














      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited Dec 15 '18 at 15:43

























      answered Dec 14 '18 at 12:30









      cobaltduckcobaltduck

      11.7k13475




      11.7k13475







      • 1





        That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:44






      • 4





        By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:47











      • Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 9:16











      • @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:39











      • @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:40












      • 1





        That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:44






      • 4





        By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

        – The Dark Lord
        Dec 14 '18 at 12:47











      • Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 9:16











      • @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:39











      • @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

        – cobaltduck
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:40







      1




      1





      That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

      – The Dark Lord
      Dec 14 '18 at 12:44





      That makes total sense! I never considered clusterfuck as a source (although I am vaguely familiar with it). Would you take a stab at a definition, in the light of what you've said? For instance, would it be fair to describe the meaning of the quote in my question as "not just a mess but a total and utter mess"?

      – The Dark Lord
      Dec 14 '18 at 12:44




      4




      4





      By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

      – The Dark Lord
      Dec 14 '18 at 12:47





      By the by, I don't think it necessarily has the effect of bowdlerising clusterfuck, rather of playfully making bourach more emphatic. If it does modify clusterfuck then it 'Scottishises' it, giving it a distinctive Scottish nature. Which suits the SNP down to the ground. I do at least know more about Scottish politics than I do about Scottish linguistics! I do rather like it as a phrase. Playful and mischeivous.

      – The Dark Lord
      Dec 14 '18 at 12:47













      Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 9:16





      Could you add a source for ‘original meaning of a dwelling in a bad state of upkeep’?

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 9:16













      @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

      – cobaltduck
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:39





      @TheDarkLord - The paraphrase in your first comment seems spot on from my perspective. As for your second comment, I had not thought of that, but it is an interesting idea for why the author chose this term, and is probably more valid than my explanation.

      – cobaltduck
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:39













      @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

      – cobaltduck
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:40





      @Spagirl - The reference is in the original question, but I have edited that portion to clarify my intent.

      – cobaltduck
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:40













      8














      The more common spelling of this is




      clusterburach




      meaning something like an 'awful great big complicated mess'. It has been used commonly recently to describe the legal difficulties in Brexit negotiations.



      An example usage from recent news:




      Scotland does deserve better. No reasonable person looking at the clusterburach at Westminster this week can deny that.”




      It of course is patterned after the much more pejorative/taboo 'clusterfuck', a big mess. The interesting part is that




      'burach' is Scots Gaelic for 'mess.




      (thanks Spagirl for the dictionary link). So 'clusterburach' is two euphemism steps away from 'clusterfuck'.




      Aside: there may be no trustworthy evidence for it but
      'burach' may also mean 'duck', which may have been a multilingual rhyming euphemism (this is very questionable but entertaining). In other words, a cluster of ducks is not necessarily evocative of a terrible complication, but is associated by translation first and then by rhyming with a taboo word for 'a great big mess'. I have no evidence for this other than Google Translate, which is notoriously problematic for underrepresented languages like Gaelic in its various national forms, and idle, or rather motivated, speculation.






      share|improve this answer

























      • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

        – tchrist
        Dec 15 '18 at 1:52











      • Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 8:13












      • @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

        – Mitch
        Dec 15 '18 at 14:29






      • 1





        Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:44















      8














      The more common spelling of this is




      clusterburach




      meaning something like an 'awful great big complicated mess'. It has been used commonly recently to describe the legal difficulties in Brexit negotiations.



      An example usage from recent news:




      Scotland does deserve better. No reasonable person looking at the clusterburach at Westminster this week can deny that.”




      It of course is patterned after the much more pejorative/taboo 'clusterfuck', a big mess. The interesting part is that




      'burach' is Scots Gaelic for 'mess.




      (thanks Spagirl for the dictionary link). So 'clusterburach' is two euphemism steps away from 'clusterfuck'.




      Aside: there may be no trustworthy evidence for it but
      'burach' may also mean 'duck', which may have been a multilingual rhyming euphemism (this is very questionable but entertaining). In other words, a cluster of ducks is not necessarily evocative of a terrible complication, but is associated by translation first and then by rhyming with a taboo word for 'a great big mess'. I have no evidence for this other than Google Translate, which is notoriously problematic for underrepresented languages like Gaelic in its various national forms, and idle, or rather motivated, speculation.






      share|improve this answer

























      • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

        – tchrist
        Dec 15 '18 at 1:52











      • Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 8:13












      • @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

        – Mitch
        Dec 15 '18 at 14:29






      • 1





        Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:44













      8












      8








      8







      The more common spelling of this is




      clusterburach




      meaning something like an 'awful great big complicated mess'. It has been used commonly recently to describe the legal difficulties in Brexit negotiations.



      An example usage from recent news:




      Scotland does deserve better. No reasonable person looking at the clusterburach at Westminster this week can deny that.”




      It of course is patterned after the much more pejorative/taboo 'clusterfuck', a big mess. The interesting part is that




      'burach' is Scots Gaelic for 'mess.




      (thanks Spagirl for the dictionary link). So 'clusterburach' is two euphemism steps away from 'clusterfuck'.




      Aside: there may be no trustworthy evidence for it but
      'burach' may also mean 'duck', which may have been a multilingual rhyming euphemism (this is very questionable but entertaining). In other words, a cluster of ducks is not necessarily evocative of a terrible complication, but is associated by translation first and then by rhyming with a taboo word for 'a great big mess'. I have no evidence for this other than Google Translate, which is notoriously problematic for underrepresented languages like Gaelic in its various national forms, and idle, or rather motivated, speculation.






      share|improve this answer















      The more common spelling of this is




      clusterburach




      meaning something like an 'awful great big complicated mess'. It has been used commonly recently to describe the legal difficulties in Brexit negotiations.



      An example usage from recent news:




      Scotland does deserve better. No reasonable person looking at the clusterburach at Westminster this week can deny that.”




      It of course is patterned after the much more pejorative/taboo 'clusterfuck', a big mess. The interesting part is that




      'burach' is Scots Gaelic for 'mess.




      (thanks Spagirl for the dictionary link). So 'clusterburach' is two euphemism steps away from 'clusterfuck'.




      Aside: there may be no trustworthy evidence for it but
      'burach' may also mean 'duck', which may have been a multilingual rhyming euphemism (this is very questionable but entertaining). In other words, a cluster of ducks is not necessarily evocative of a terrible complication, but is associated by translation first and then by rhyming with a taboo word for 'a great big mess'. I have no evidence for this other than Google Translate, which is notoriously problematic for underrepresented languages like Gaelic in its various national forms, and idle, or rather motivated, speculation.







      share|improve this answer














      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited Dec 17 '18 at 11:25









      Spagirl

      11k2448




      11k2448










      answered Dec 14 '18 at 14:31









      MitchMitch

      52.4k15105220




      52.4k15105220












      • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

        – tchrist
        Dec 15 '18 at 1:52











      • Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 8:13












      • @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

        – Mitch
        Dec 15 '18 at 14:29






      • 1





        Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:44

















      • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

        – tchrist
        Dec 15 '18 at 1:52











      • Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 8:13












      • @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

        – Mitch
        Dec 15 '18 at 14:29






      • 1





        Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

        – Spagirl
        Dec 15 '18 at 15:44
















      Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

      – tchrist
      Dec 15 '18 at 1:52





      Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

      – tchrist
      Dec 15 '18 at 1:52













      Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 8:13






      Thanks for the credit in your edit, but is isn’t a ‘scots’ Dictionary it’s a Gaelic one. Scots and Gaelic are different languages. ‘Irish’ may mean the gaelic spoken in Ireland but you can’t just map that across to Scotland. This is a Dictionary of Scots which I’d been trying to avoid since ‘bourach’ in scots apparently meant a hobble for cows before the Gaelic loanword for mess took over.

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 8:13














      @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

      – Mitch
      Dec 15 '18 at 14:29





      @Spagirl Forgive me for misuse of terms, I'm from the US, not Scotland or Ireland, so am not immersed in the distinctions. From the 'Am Faclair Beag' site, at the very top it says 'An English - Scottish Gaelic dictionary', which is why I used the term 'Scots dictionary', which may very well be mistaken (I was mistaken to say 'Scots dictionary'). What I've found: 'Scots Gaelic': closely related to Irish Gaelic, 'Scots' or 'Lowland Scots': derived from Middle English.'Irish' is Irish Gaelic' and just 'Gaelic' is ... either?

      – Mitch
      Dec 15 '18 at 14:29




      1




      1





      Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:44





      Within Scotland the Gaelic language spoken is referred to, in English, as ‘gaelic’. People out with Scotland might refer to it as Scottish Gaelic to distinguish it from Irish and Manx. Referring to it as ‘Scots’ seems logical, but doesn’t work. I’m not upbraiding you at all, just trying to help weed out confusing elements of your answer.

      – Spagirl
      Dec 15 '18 at 15:44











      2














      Bùrach is used in Dumfries to describe a large mess or F...Up! Some think it's local Dumfries "Scots", but it's Gàidhlig, it's Praiseach in Gaeilge. Watching Ian Blackford talking on Sky news live saying " Clusterbùrach" is the best TV I've seen this year!






      share|improve this answer








      New contributor




      Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.
























        2














        Bùrach is used in Dumfries to describe a large mess or F...Up! Some think it's local Dumfries "Scots", but it's Gàidhlig, it's Praiseach in Gaeilge. Watching Ian Blackford talking on Sky news live saying " Clusterbùrach" is the best TV I've seen this year!






        share|improve this answer








        New contributor




        Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
        Check out our Code of Conduct.






















          2












          2








          2







          Bùrach is used in Dumfries to describe a large mess or F...Up! Some think it's local Dumfries "Scots", but it's Gàidhlig, it's Praiseach in Gaeilge. Watching Ian Blackford talking on Sky news live saying " Clusterbùrach" is the best TV I've seen this year!






          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.










          Bùrach is used in Dumfries to describe a large mess or F...Up! Some think it's local Dumfries "Scots", but it's Gàidhlig, it's Praiseach in Gaeilge. Watching Ian Blackford talking on Sky news live saying " Clusterbùrach" is the best TV I've seen this year!







          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.









          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer






          New contributor




          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.









          answered 6 hours ago









          VincentVincent

          211




          211




          New contributor




          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.





          New contributor





          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.






          Vincent is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.





















              1














              You'll find the Scots term "bourach" in this online Scots dictionary. It's a loan word from Scottish Gaelic "bùrach", which means "a mess, a hash (of something)". The Scots loan takes on other meanings, but in the word clusterbourach it is simply a more emphatic way of calling something a "shambles" or a "mess". Can be spelled "bourach", "boorach", "burach".



              http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/scots_english.asp
              boorach [ˈbuːrəx, ˈbuːrɪç]
              n. A small mound, a heap of stones. A heap or mass. A crowd, a group, a cluster. A humble dwelling, a hovel, a mess.
              dim. boorachie, boorie NN.a. a small heap
              v. To heap up, mass profusely. To crowd together.
              bourach [ˈbuːrəx, NN.b. ˈbiːrəx]
              n. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking.
              v. To fetter.



              Here is the Gaelic definition of bùrach.
              https://faclair.com/
              bùrach /buːrəx/
              fir. gin. ┐ iol. -aich
              1 bourach, mess, guddle, shambles 2 (act of) delving, digging 3 jostling (in sports)






              share|improve this answer



























                1














                You'll find the Scots term "bourach" in this online Scots dictionary. It's a loan word from Scottish Gaelic "bùrach", which means "a mess, a hash (of something)". The Scots loan takes on other meanings, but in the word clusterbourach it is simply a more emphatic way of calling something a "shambles" or a "mess". Can be spelled "bourach", "boorach", "burach".



                http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/scots_english.asp
                boorach [ˈbuːrəx, ˈbuːrɪç]
                n. A small mound, a heap of stones. A heap or mass. A crowd, a group, a cluster. A humble dwelling, a hovel, a mess.
                dim. boorachie, boorie NN.a. a small heap
                v. To heap up, mass profusely. To crowd together.
                bourach [ˈbuːrəx, NN.b. ˈbiːrəx]
                n. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking.
                v. To fetter.



                Here is the Gaelic definition of bùrach.
                https://faclair.com/
                bùrach /buːrəx/
                fir. gin. ┐ iol. -aich
                1 bourach, mess, guddle, shambles 2 (act of) delving, digging 3 jostling (in sports)






                share|improve this answer

























                  1












                  1








                  1







                  You'll find the Scots term "bourach" in this online Scots dictionary. It's a loan word from Scottish Gaelic "bùrach", which means "a mess, a hash (of something)". The Scots loan takes on other meanings, but in the word clusterbourach it is simply a more emphatic way of calling something a "shambles" or a "mess". Can be spelled "bourach", "boorach", "burach".



                  http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/scots_english.asp
                  boorach [ˈbuːrəx, ˈbuːrɪç]
                  n. A small mound, a heap of stones. A heap or mass. A crowd, a group, a cluster. A humble dwelling, a hovel, a mess.
                  dim. boorachie, boorie NN.a. a small heap
                  v. To heap up, mass profusely. To crowd together.
                  bourach [ˈbuːrəx, NN.b. ˈbiːrəx]
                  n. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking.
                  v. To fetter.



                  Here is the Gaelic definition of bùrach.
                  https://faclair.com/
                  bùrach /buːrəx/
                  fir. gin. ┐ iol. -aich
                  1 bourach, mess, guddle, shambles 2 (act of) delving, digging 3 jostling (in sports)






                  share|improve this answer













                  You'll find the Scots term "bourach" in this online Scots dictionary. It's a loan word from Scottish Gaelic "bùrach", which means "a mess, a hash (of something)". The Scots loan takes on other meanings, but in the word clusterbourach it is simply a more emphatic way of calling something a "shambles" or a "mess". Can be spelled "bourach", "boorach", "burach".



                  http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/scots_english.asp
                  boorach [ˈbuːrəx, ˈbuːrɪç]
                  n. A small mound, a heap of stones. A heap or mass. A crowd, a group, a cluster. A humble dwelling, a hovel, a mess.
                  dim. boorachie, boorie NN.a. a small heap
                  v. To heap up, mass profusely. To crowd together.
                  bourach [ˈbuːrəx, NN.b. ˈbiːrəx]
                  n. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking.
                  v. To fetter.



                  Here is the Gaelic definition of bùrach.
                  https://faclair.com/
                  bùrach /buːrəx/
                  fir. gin. ┐ iol. -aich
                  1 bourach, mess, guddle, shambles 2 (act of) delving, digging 3 jostling (in sports)







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered Jan 17 at 15:54









                  SRJPSRJP

                  112




                  112



























                      draft saved

                      draft discarded
















































                      Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange!


                      • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                      But avoid


                      • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                      • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

                      To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                      draft saved


                      draft discarded














                      StackExchange.ready(
                      function ()
                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fenglish.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f477106%2fwhat-is-the-meaning-of-clusterbourach%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                      );

                      Post as a guest















                      Required, but never shown





















































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown

































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown







                      Popular posts from this blog

                      How to create a command for the “strange m” symbol in latex? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)How do you make your own symbol when Detexify fails?Writing bold small caps with mathpazo packageplus-minus symbol with parenthesis around the minus signGreek character in Beamer document titleHow to create dashed right arrow over symbol?Currency symbol: Turkish LiraDouble prec as a single symbol?Plus Sign Too Big; How to Call adfbullet?Is there a TeX macro for three-legged pi?How do I get my integral-like symbol to align like the integral?How to selectively substitute a letter with another symbol representing the same letterHow do I generate a less than symbol and vertical bar that are the same height?

                      Българска екзархия Съдържание История | Български екзарси | Вижте също | Външни препратки | Литература | Бележки | НавигацияУстав за управлението на българската екзархия. Цариград, 1870Слово на Ловешкия митрополит Иларион при откриването на Българския народен събор в Цариград на 23. II. 1870 г.Българската правда и гръцката кривда. От С. М. (= Софийски Мелетий). Цариград, 1872Предстоятели на Българската екзархияПодмененият ВеликденИнформационна агенция „Фокус“Димитър Ризов. Българите в техните исторически, етнографически и политически граници (Атлас съдържащ 40 карти). Berlin, Königliche Hoflithographie, Hof-Buch- und -Steindruckerei Wilhelm Greve, 1917Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars

                      Category:Tremithousa Media in category "Tremithousa"Navigation menuUpload media34° 49′ 02.7″ N, 32° 26′ 37.32″ EOpenStreetMapGoogle EarthProximityramaReasonatorScholiaStatisticsWikiShootMe