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Elemint


atoomnûmerprotoanenmetalennet-metalenhealmetalenAristotelesRobert Boyle












Elemint (skiekunde)




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It pereodyk systeem fan de eleminten


In skiekundich elemint is in atoomsoarte. In atoomsoarte wurdt bepaald troch syn atoomnûmer, dat is it oantal protoanen yn de kearn fan in atoom.
Dizze definysje is abstrakt en op gjin inkele wize keppele oan de makroskopysk-sichtbere wrâld. Hy stiet boppedat heaks op it gongbere taalgebrûk. Dêrom dat it begryp elemint faak brûkt wurdt mei de folgjende definysje: In elemint is in stof opboud út ien soarte atomen.


Yn de natoer wurde 94 eleminten oantroffen. By kearnreaksjes binne noch sa’n tweintich ekstra makke. It oantal keunstmjittige nimt noch altyd ta; yn 2008 wiene it 23.
De eleminten wurde op syn ienfâldichst ferdield yn metalen en net-metalen. De net-metalen binne it minste fan, 18 yn totaal. By de metalen binne 7 dy’t neffens eigenskippen wol wat útskaaie nei de net-metalen. Sy wurde dêrom faak as healmetalen oantsjut.




Ynhâld





  • 1 Skiednis fan it elemintbegryp


  • 2 Boarne fan betizing


  • 3 Literatuer


  • 4 Sjoch ek




Skiednis fan it elemintbegryp |


By de âlde Griken wie it Aristoteles dy’t in útwurke lear fan eleminten joech. Nei syn ynsjoch wie alle materarje opboud út fjouwer eleminten: wetter, lucht, ierde en fjoer. Dat betsjutte net dat yn elke stof dy fjouwer eleminten apart werom te finen wêze soene as ien mar skerp genôch seach. De oanwêzige eleminten kamen allinne tefoarskyn as in stof ûntlede waard. Yn elke stof soene alle fjouwer eleminten in bydrage leverje.


De fjouwer-elemintelear fan Aristoteles hâlde lang stân. Earst Robert Boyle melde yn syn boek The Sceptical Chemyst út 1661 dat mei eksperiminten sjen litten wurde koe dat de fjouwer eleminten fan Aristoteles te ûntleedzjen binne yn oare stoffen. En dan wiene se dus gjin eleminten, dat wol sizze ‘basisboustoffen’. Yn net-wittenskiplike ferklearringen fan de wrâld wurdt Aristoteles syn lear fan de fjouwer eleminten noch altyd tapast.


Boyle definiearre in elemint as in stof dy’t net fierder ûntlede wurde koe yn oare stoffen. Hy wie tagelyk tige skeptysk oer de mooglikheid om te bepalen wat no úteinliks eleminten wiene, want miskien wiene der wol manieren om stoffen te ûntleedzjen dy’t hy noch net koe. Syn definysje fan in elemint waard lykwols oanhâlden oant it begjin fan de 20ste iuw, doe’t de moderne atoomteory opkaam. Yn de didaktyk fan de skiekunde is Boyle syn definysje noch altyd tige brûkber, omdat de definysje op in natuerlike wize in brêge slacht tusken direkt waarnimbere ferskynsels en it abstrakte atoombegryp.



Boarne fan betizing |


De praktyk dat de namme fan in elemint ferwize kin nei in atoomsoarte of nei in stof kin oanlieding jaan ta misbegryp.
It sizzen ‘Fluor is in gefaarlik en dreech te hantearjen gas’ wol min del yn ien dy’t de moarns noch heard hat: ‘Ferjit net dyn fluor-piltsje yn te nimmen’.
De útspraak ‘Dit wetter is frij fan soerstof’ kin skoan, as bedoeld wurdt dat yn it wetter gjin soerstofgas (O2) oplost is, mar kin betiizjend wêze foar ien dy’t foar eagen hat dat wetter in ferbining is fan wetterstof en soerstof.



Literatuer |


R. Hooykaas, Geschiedenis der natuurwetenschappen, Utert 1971.



Sjoch ek |



  • List fan Skiekundige eleminten.


  • Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten.




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